Key Terms

Question 1

Define attachment

Answer 1

An emotional bond between two people. a two at process that endures over time. Leads to certain behaviours such as clinging and proximity seeking. Protects the infant

Question 2

Define caregiver

Answer 2

Any person providing for the child

Question 3

Define interactional synchrony

Answer 3

When the two people interact they mirror what the other is doing in terms of behaviour and body language - can also be with emotions

Question 4

Define reciprocity

Answer 4

The responding to the action of another with a similar action. One action elicits a response from the other. Conversation like

Question 5

Define primary attachment figure

Answer 5

The person who has formed the closest bond with the child.

Question 6

Define separation anxiety

Answer 6

Distress shown by a child when separated from their caregiver

Question 7

Define stranger anxiety

Answer 7

Distress shown when by an infant when approached or picked up by someone unfamiliar

Question 8

Define imprinting

Answer 8

An innate readiness to develop a strong bond with the months which takes place during then critical period of development

Question 9

Define the continuity hypothesis

Answer 9

The idea that emotionally secure infants go on to be emotionally secure, trusting, and socially confident adults

Question 10

Define critical period

Answer 10

A biologically determined period of time, during which certain characteristics can develop.

Question 11

Define internal working model

Answer 11

The idea that the relationship with the primary care provider acts as a blue print for future relationships

Question 12

Define monotropy

Answer 12

The idea that the relationship with the PCG has more significance than other relationships in emotional development

Question 13

Define social releaser

Answer 13

Social behaviours that elicits caregiving from the parents and leads to emotional attachment

Question 14

define insecure-avoidant

Answer 14

a type of attachment which describes those children who tend to avoid social interaction and intimacy with others

Question 15

define insecure-resistant

Answer 15

A type of attachment which describes those infants who both seek and resist intimacy and social interaction

Question 16

define secure attachment

Answer 16

this is a strong and contented attachment to an infant to his or her caregiver, which develops as a result of sensitive responses by the caregiver to the infant’s needs. securely attached infants are comfortable with social interaction and intimacy. secure attachment is related to healthy subsequent cognitive and emotional development

Question 17

define cultural variations in terms of attachment

Answer 17

the ways that different groups of people vary in terms of their social practices, and the effects these practices have in development and behavior

Question 18

define deprivation in terms of attachment

Answer 18

to be deprived is to lose something - in the context of child development, deprivation refers to the loss of emotional care that is normally provided by a primary caregiver

Question 19

define institutionalization in terms of attachment

Answer 19

the effects of institutional care. The term can be applied widely to the effect of an institution but the concern focuses specifically on how time spent in an institution such as an orphanage can affect the development of children. The possible effects include social, mental, and physical underdevelopment some of which are irreversible

Question 20

define the internal working model

Answer 20

a mental model of the world that enables individuals to predict and control their environment. In the case of attachment, the model relates to a persons expectations of relationships