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Key Terms Flashcards

1
Q

Sanātana Dharma

A

Eternal duty, going back home

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2
Q

Paramātman and Jīvātman

A

Supersoul and soul in living beings (allowing self awareness)

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3
Q

Saṃsāra and it’s root

A

Saṃsār., to wander through life itself - repeated cycles of broth, death, and rebirth

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4
Q

4 Yogas

A

Karma, Jnana, Ashtanga, Bhakti

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5
Q

Preyas vs Sreyas

A

Preyas = pleasure for senses
Sreyas = the good for the Atman

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6
Q

Yamas noose

A

Samsara. The noose (rope) which tightened around us as soon as we are born into material existence.

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7
Q

Tattva, Hita, Purushartha

A

Tattva - NATURE of the soul, material works, and Brahman
Hita - MEANS to liberation
Purushartha - NATURE of the liberated state

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8
Q

SK rope terms:
Dark forest
Alcohol
State of drunk (ignorance)
Illusions
Waking up

A

Dark forest - Samsara
Alcohol - Maya
State of drunk - Avidya
Illusions - Adhyasa
Waking up - Jivan mukhti

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9
Q

4 Varnas

A

Brahmanas (priests/scholars)
Ksatriyas (warriors/admins)
Vaisyas (artists/entrepreneurs)
Sudras (labourers)

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10
Q

4 Ashramas

A

Brahmacari (Student)
Grihastha (Married)
Vanaprastha (Retired)
Sannyasa (Renounced)

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11
Q

Rasa - Blown away by Krsna’s greatness

A

Shanta

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12
Q

Rasa - servant or master

A

Dhasabhava

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13
Q

Rasa - seeing Krsna as equal and friend

A

Sakyabhava

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14
Q

Rasa - Parental love

A

Vatsalya

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15
Q

Rasa - Romantic love

A

Shringara

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16
Q

Who wants to enjoy Rama, when Sita wants Rama to enjoy her?

A

Shupanika. Obsessed but not Krsna conscious. No service.

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17
Q

Samkhya school of thought

A

Duality : purusa (consciousness) and prakriti (body/mind)

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18
Q

Isvara

A

God whom created the world

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19
Q

Vyāvahārika encompassing Vaiśvānara, Taijasa, Suṣupti

A

(Lower tier) Adhyāsa: waking, dreaming, and deep sleep states.

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20
Q

Pāramārthika and Turiya

A

(Higher tier) Absolute reality (Nirguna Brahman) and enlightened state.

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21
Q

4 Vedas

A

Rig Veda
Samah Veda
Yajur Veda
Atharva Veda

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22
Q

Purva-mimamsa vs Uttara-Mimamsa

A

Lower material stage, karma kand
Higher spiritual stage, Jnana kand

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23
Q

Aspects of Rig Veda

A

Samhita- Hyms
Brahmanas- Offerings & chants
Aranyaka- Philosophical speculation behind sacrifices
Upanishads - Knowlegge of Brahman

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24
Q

Samsara

A

Wandering aimlessly through life, trapped in cycles of birth, death, rebirth

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25
Karma, vikarma, akarma
Karma - performing prescribed duties Vikarma - sinful acts Akarma - inaction
26
Sākam karma and niśkāma karma
Selfish vs selfless service
27
Name of Ramanujacharya’s schooling guru, the head of all scholars
Yadavprakash - an advaitin
28
Name of Ramanujacharya’s chosen guru, one of lower caste
Kanchipurna Swami. Father a shudra and mother a shabri (untouchable)
29
Name of the head priest of Vaishnava community, the one who called for RA to be his successor through the 3 folded fingers
Yamunacharya
30
Who did RA get the secret mantra from and how many times was he rejected?
Goshthipurna, one of Yamunacharya’s prominent disciples. Rejected 18, granted on 19th
31
Name of Muslim princess enshrined in Vaishnava temples
Bibi Nachiyar
32
Interpretations of Kapasyam Pundarikam
Yadavprakash- anus of a monkey RJ - Sun shining on a blooming lotus 🪷
33
Apauruṣeyā
No author. The Vedic srutis
34
4 sources of authority
Sruti Smriti Sadacara/Sistacara (exemplary conduct) Atma Tutsi
35
Ṛta
Essential nature of the natural world.
36
Itihāsa
Thus-certainly-it happened History (Smriti)
37
Levels of interpretation (Madvacharya)
Āstikādi Manvādi Auparicara
38
Ṛg-Veda’s foundation for advaita?
Nāsadīya-sūkta
39
Apotropaic
OVER the forces of darkness, not IN darkness
40
Visnu’s universal form
Virāt-Puruṣa
41
Suffering and Happiness
Duhkha and Suhkha
42
Root of Dharma
Dhṛ That which upholds, supports, or sustains something.
43
Root of Karma
Kṛ To act or to do
44
Good and bad deeds
Puṇya and pāpa
45
What is Vedānta
Uttara mīmāṃsā Later portions of vedās.
46
Root of mokṣa
Muc To set free, to escape/disentangle from
47
Kaṭha upaniṣad metaphor for Nāciketā
Self = Lord of chariot Intellect = Charioteer Mind = Reins Senses = Horses Sense Objects = The path which the chariot ranges over Body = Chariot
48
Patañjali’s Aṣṭāṅga yoga
Samadhi (continual absorption) Dhyāna (extended trance) Dhāraṇa (insight) Pratyāhāra (withdrawal) Prāṇāyāma (noticing one’s drives) Āsana (postures) Yama (Abstinences) Niyama (Observances)
49
2 dimensions of dharma
Ontological/Descriptive Normative/Prescriptive (specific to humans - free will)
50
Sādhāraṇa-dharma, Sva-dharma, and Sanātana-dharma
Sādhāraṇa = rules and regulations incumbent upon ALL regardless of varṇa, āśrama, or gender. Sva = responsibility uniquely to oneself in context of time, place, and circumstances. Sanātana = essential nature of the soul
51
The four pillars of Dharma
Austerity Cleanliness Kindness Truthfulness
52
Sravanam and kirtanam
Hearing and chanting
53
Root of Yoga
Yuj- to join together, unite or yolk. Both a spiritual force and process
54
Two aspects of yoga-māyā
Yolk seekers w Brahman, reveal Himself in different forms. Yolk non-seekers w prakriti, conceals Himself for those who seek no interference in independence.
55
Root of Bhakti
Bhaj - one who has ordered their love (specifically, to God) One who is bhaj-ing = bhakta Bhakti = Complete reciprocity bw bhakta and Lord.
56
Root of Bhaga-vān
Bhaga - portion or part. Vān - possessor of all such portions.
57
Ātmā nivedana
Offering the ātmā to Brahman in a spirit of love/worship (puja).
58
Arca-Avatāra
Divine descent fixed as icons and deities becoming objects of worship (puja).
59
Pūjãri
Priest who performs rituals.
60
The man-lion
Narasimha
61
Kumbha Mela
Hinduisms innumerable religious identities expressed in a festival.
62
Āśrama breakdown
Ā (without) śrama (strain or distress) Physical and mental space of ease and peace.
63
Gandhi’s 20th century āśrama and purpose
Tolstoy-āśrama Equality, truth, self sufficiency, chastity, ahimsa
64
Unnarvu
Empathy, true śakti
65
Durga’s composition (Anger) to kill which āsura?
Śiva’s face Viṣṇu’s arms Brahmā’s feet Mahiṣāsura.
66
Dakṣinācāra
‘Right hand’ school of Śaktism. Embodiment of unconditional love.
67
Vāmācāra
‘Left hand’ school of Śaktism. Fearsome darker sides of Durga. Taboos as a means to rise above dualities.
68
What are the two major invasions?
Moghuls (800-1837) The Britishers and Modernity (1837-1947)
69
Root of Manushi
'Manusya' = (humankind) which embraces both genders.
70
Brahmacārya meaning
'to wander through the Absolute', holding the keys to the Universe.
71
Gandharva marriage
Marriage without ritual, witness, or family. Just the consent of the two people concerned.
72
The living sacred symbol of Hinduism?
Cow, who represents Bhudevi (Mother Earth). More revered than the bull of Dharma.
73
Ardhanārīśvara
Shiva's half-male, half-female form
74
Śikhaṇḍī
Ambā reincarnating as a man (Śikhaṇḍī) to kill Bhīṣma. Both Bhīṣma and Śikhaṇḍī refer to herself as Ambā.
75
Hijra
Males who have been castrated, offering their manhood to Buhuchara-mātā, now carrying her śakti. A distinct 'third gender'.
76
Pratyakṣa
Direct sense perception.
77
Anumāna
Inference and logical steps.
78
Śabda or Śruti
Testimony of divine beings and direct revelations from Brahman.
79
sādhāraṇa dharma
Sā = all dhāraṇa = that which is binding or befitting. Rules and regulations for all, regardless of varna, asrama, or gender. The bridge bw Varṇasrama and sanātana.
80
Arsa and an-arsa
Arsa = Direct revalations (Vedā-Saṃhitā) An-Arsa = Imagination (everything else; Upaniṣads, smritis)
81
Śruti (encompasses?) Smṛti (encompasses?)
Vedas and Upaniṣad Puranas and Itihasas
82
Mantra-dṛṣṭá

A Level Hinduism (3 decks)

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