Key Terms Flashcards
Urbanisation
Rise in proportion of people living in towns and cities
Migration
Movement of people from one place to another with intention of living there over a year
Mega city
City with population of 10 million +
LIC
Low income country ($1,035)
HIC
High income country ($12,746)
NEE
Newly emerging economy
Fertility rate
Average number of children born per woman over her lifetime
Big city plan
Development plan in Birmingham to regenerate 5 areas in the city centre
HDI (human development index)
Levels of income, education, life expectancy and other factors on a scale from 0-1 (1 being most developed)
DTM
Demographic transition model (shows how populations change over time with development)
Population pyramid
Shows distribution of population by age and gender
Birth rate
Number of births in a population per 1000
Death rate
Number of deaths in a population per 1000
Urban sprawl
The spreading of a city/ urban area onto undeveloped land near by
Colonialism
The practice of control by the people in power over people in other areas
Green belt
Area around urban areas that cannot be urbanised, just left as countryside
Commuter settlement
A settlement whose residents travel into a nearby city to work
Natural increase
When the birth rate exceeds that death rate
Urban greening
The process of encouraging more vegetation and greenery in urban areas (planting tress, parks, green walls, rooftop gardens)
Primary sector
Involves extracting materials from the natural environment (farming)
Secondary sector
Taking the raw materials produced by the primary sector and manufacturing them into products
Tertiary sector
Selling of services and skills (finance)
Quaternary sector
Industries providing information to services (ICT)
Footloose
Industries that don’t need raw materials from a certain place so make use of IT to locate anywhere
Globalisation
Growth and spread of ideas around the world, becoming more globally interconnected
Energy gap
Difference between supply and demand
Primary energy
Energy gained from natural sources (burning wood)
Secondary energy
Converting primary energy into a more convenient form (heat used to power turbines to generate electricity)
Fracking
Drilling into the ground to get oil/ natural gas by piping water down at immense pressure (may cause earthquakes)
Carbon footprint
Estimate of the impact that activities have on climate change (world average is 4000kg of CO2 per person per year, compare to to UK person average of 10,000kg)
