key terms Flashcards
closed motor skills
Encompasses sport specific skills performed in a predictable environment where an athlete can control the variables including the pace at which the skill is performed.
open motor skills
Comprises of sports specific skills performed in an unpredictable environment where the athlete cannot control the changing external variables including the pace of the skill and must adapt to factors such as weather, targetss or opponents.
fine motor skills
involve small muscle groups that produce an accurate precise movement such as using finger dexterity to control a small object such as a dart.
gross motor skills
involves large muscle groups to produce forceful movement such as running, swimming and throwing a discus. Accuracy is not as important in these skills.
discrete motor skills
have a distinct beginning and end eg basketball free throw
serial motor skills
a series of planned discrete skills performed in an order. eg gymnastics floor routine
continuous motor skill
no distinct beginning or end that may continue indefinitely. Often used for locomotion activites such as walking, running and swimming.
individual constraints
Internal factors eg physical constraints; fitness level, body shape, and mental constraints; anxiety, self-efficacy.
Positive effect = motivation to practice skills -> improve self-efficacy, loose weight to continue activity
Negative effect = not enough strength or basic fundamental skills to complete activity which can contribute to anxiety lvls.
Tasks constraint
eg equipment, rules and activity goals
Positive effect = modification of equipment = easier completion
Negative effect = difficult for student ability level eg larger basketball for younger ppl
environmental constraints
external factors eg coaching, peer behaviour, weather and gravity.
Pos effect = coach assists to develop new skills and guide through stages of development
Neg effect = weather can be dangerous -> loose motivation
qualitative movement analysis principles-
preparation
consideration of the skills and characteristics of the sport eg speed, height. stage of development for the individual including motor skill, fitness lvl, body characteristics, physiological changes eg heart rate
qualitative movement analysis principles-
observation
observation of the athlete (digitally or manually) reordered to gather info on the sport and technique and performance of the individual.
qualitative movement analysis principles-
evaluation
the individual and coaches use gathered data from observation stage to determine errors and positive aspects of technique and performance. Often to analyse/rank/rate athletes tech/performance as strengths and weaknesses
qualitative movement analysis principles-
error correction
once athletes identified any performance errors, a coach can provide feedback to improve achieved through verbal, targetted training exercises, visual modelling thru video, mechanical aid, technique analysis and correction.
impulse
measure of force applied within a measured time.
product of force x time
It will change the momentum of an object eg applying a large force over a very small period of time eg baseball batter striking the ball.
OR to apply less by slowing it down eg catching the ball in cricket bringing the hands backward with it to reduce the impact.
Newton’s first law of motion
Law of inertia
a body will remain at rest or continue in motion at same speed and direction until acted upon by unbalanced force
eg squash serve
it will continue inhitted direction until it meets another force such as wall or opponents raquet.
Newton’s second law of motion
The rate of acceleration of a body is directly proportional to the force applied to it, in the same direction as force was applied.
eg includes calculating force of a tee shot in golf where distance and direction are both important.
Newton’s third law of motion
For every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction.
eg the reaction against the ground in high jump - the greater the force applied by the athlete pushes down into the ground with the greater the force generate to jump over the bar.
Motion
Refers to the movement of the body’s position against time and can be linear or angular.
Linear motion, body in a straight line, eg water skier being towed behind a boat, or curved line eg flight path of a long jumper.
Angular rotation of a body around an axis. external axis eg gymnastics bar routine. internal axis eg shoulder joint in cricket bowling.
Mass
The quantity of matter (measured in kg)
a body with a small mass means less inertia and easier to move eg throwing a basketball to a medicine ball which would me harder to throw due to the higher mass.
Inertia
The resistance of an object to change its state of motion. eg rugby player in scrum pushing against a large force from opponent
It can also be dynamic eg when the same rugby player sprints down the field then the opposition would try tackle to stop its motion.
force
can be generated when one body acts upon another through either a push or pull.
Internal forces can include force generated by skeletal musles
Externa; forces eg wind, air, gravity
momentum
The quantity of motion of a moving body.
mass x velocity (speed)
factors effecting gravity
width of base support
mass
line of gravity
height of centre of gravity
direction of base of support
position of centre of gravity
