Key Terms

Question 1

Infection

Answer 1

When a pathogen invades tissues and begins multiply within a host.

Question 2

Colonization

Answer 2

Presence and multiplication of microorganisms within a host but without tissue invasion or damage (EX. GI Tract naturally colonized w/ ecology)

Question 3

Communicable Infection

Answer 3

that which can be transmitted from one individual to another (EX COVID)

Question 4

Symptomatic Infection

Answer 4

When pathogens multiply and cause signs and symptoms are present

Question 5

Asymptomatic Infection

Answer 5

When pathogens multiply but no clinical signs and symptoms are present

Question 6

Virulence

Answer 6

Ability to produce disease (covid eventually got everyone..it is virulent)

Question 7

Etiological agent

Answer 7

The cause of something

Question 8

Infectious agents

Answer 8

Viruses
bacteria
fungus
protozoans
helminthes
prions

Question 9

Infectious agents

Answer 9

“The cause of an infection”

Question 10

Reservoirs

Answer 10

Also known as an “environment in which bacteria come from”

-a reservoir is any natural setting where Growth and reproduction of an infectious agent can occur

Question 11

Another word for Inanimate objects

Answer 11

Motive transmission

Question 12

Examples of Reservoris

Answer 12

ANY ENVIORMENT
-humans
-animals
-food
-water
-insects/anthropoids
-inanimate objects
-soiled or wet dressings
-hospital equipment

Question 13

Chain of infection

Answer 13

1.infectious agent
2. Reservoir
3. Portal of exit
4. Means of Transmission
5. Portal of Entry
6. Susceptible Host

Question 14

Portal of Exit

Answer 14

Anything open where an infectious agent can get out of the body and be transferred to another patient

Question 15

Examples of Portals of exits

Answer 15

-respiratory: sputum,cough,sneeze
-Gastrointestinal: saliva, eyes is, blood & feces
-Genitourinary: reproductive secretions, urine
-venous system: blood
-MM & Non-Intact skin: draining wounds
-Eyes and ears

Question 16

Means of Transmission

Answer 16

-Direct Contact: person to person
-Indirect Contact: Fomite (objects that transmit germs- stethoscope, thermometer..)
-Respiratory: through the air
-vector: insect transmission (fleas, ticks)

Question 17

Indirect Contact High Touch Areas

Answer 17

-gowns, bed linen, bedside furniture, and other objects in the immediate environment
-handles
-IV poles
-BP machines, Pulse Ox, Stethoscopes
-Accudata Machines
-a multiple of other inanimate objects

Question 18

Portal Of Entry

Answer 18

-GI-GU Tract
-Mucous Membrane
-Skin Integrity Disruption
-Respiratory Tract
-Eyes

Question 19

Disinfecting Wipes

Answer 19

-Clorox Bleach Wipes

-Hydrogen Peroxide

Question 20

Clorox Bleach Wipes USE

Answer 20

-3 minutes REQUIRED of wet to dry on surfaces to kill pathogen .. MAKE SURE TO SCRUB

-if C-Difficile patient is suspected, Bleach wipes MUST be used

Question 21

Hydrogen Peroxide Wipes USE

Answer 21

-most routine equipment and surface disinfection (normally when they don’t have C-Difficile)

• H-P wipes require 1 minute of wet to dry surfaces to kill pathogens

Question 22

Susceptible Host

Answer 22

-immunocompromised
-age or the very young
-trauma/surgery
-indwelling devices
-skin, mucous membrane breaks
-poor oxygen
-impaired circulation
-chronic or acute disease
-antibiotic resistance (MDRO)
-poor nutrition
-stress
-crowded enviorments
-poor sanitation
-travel expose

Question 23

MDRO

Answer 23

Multi drug resistance organisms

Question 24

Isolation

Answer 24

Isolation is the intentional separation & restriction of ill persons with a confirmed contagious, transmittable infectious disease.

Question 25

PPE

Answer 25

Personal protection equipment

Question 26

Examples of PPE

Answer 26

-gowns
-gloves
-masks
-eye protection