Key Terms Flashcards
Age of infancy
0-2
Early childhood
3-8
Age of Adolescence
9-18
Age of early adulthood
19-45
Age of middle adulthood
46-65
Age of late adulthood
65+
Growth
The process of developing physically (getting taller, losing or gaining weight, ageing), mentally (talking, thinking and reasoning), or spiritually (understanding and believing in yourself) that can be measured.
Development
The changes and progression a person goes through during their lives (not just physical changes e.g. increase in skills, abilities and capabilities).
PIES
physical development
Intellectual/cognitive development
Emotional development
Social development
Gross motor skills
The large movements that involve using the large muscles of the body.
Fine motor skills
Smaller movements that require more precise direction (dexterity) and use smaller muscles.
Centipede lines
Lines on a graph used to show average measurements of height, weight and head circumference. The lines represent the values of the measurements taking into account age and sex.
Development norms
a description of an average set of expectations with respect to a young child’s development. For example, by the age of 12 months a child has the ability to stand alone.
Milestone
An ability achieved by most children by a certain age. It can involve physical, social, emotional, cognitive and communication skills, for example walking, sharing with others, expressing emotions, recognising familiar sounds and talking.
Schemas
These are the building blocks of intellectual intelligence.
Assimilation
Assimilation is when new knowledge is added to the schema to help understand it. It is an adaptation process used to progress from one stage of cognitive development to another.
Equilibrium
Equilibrium is a state of mental balance, when a child is able to use existing schemas to explain what they understand. It is an adaptation process used to progress from one stage of cognitive development to another.
Emotional literacy
Emotional literacy - The ability to recognise, understand and appropriately express emotions. It is essential for forming positive social relationships.
Empathy
Empathy - The ability to identify with or understand another’s situation or feelings.
Attachment
Attachment - A strong emotional connection between a child and their caregiver.
Self-image
Self-image - The way an individual sees themselves, their mental image of themselves.
Self-esteem
Self-esteem - How a person feels about themselves, self-worth or pride.
Deprivation
Deprivation - Being deprived of a caregiver to who an attachment already exists.
Privation
Privation - Being deprived of the opportunity to form an attachment.
Separation anxiety
Separation Anxiety - The fear and apprehension that infants experience when separated from their primary caregiver.
Internal Working Model
Internal Working Model - A mental representation of our relationships with our primary caregiver that becomes a template for future relationships.
