KEY TERMS Flashcards
ATP
adenosine triphosphate - a nucleotide derivative formed from ribose, adenine and 3 phosphate groups
recall the role of ATP
- it is a molecule used to supply energy for biological processes to occur
- releases small amounts of energy when broken down in a reaction so energy is supplied quickly
- it is easily resynthesised
ADP
adenosine diphosphate
Pi
- inorganic phosphate
- released during ATP hyrdolysis
- can be used to phosphorylate other compunds to make them more reactive
hydrolysis of ATP –>
ADP + Pi
ATP Hydrolase
enzyme which catalyses the hydrolysis of ATP –> ADP + Pi
ATP Synthase
- enzyme which catalyses the condensation reaction of ADP + Pi –> ATP during photo or resp
water has a high heat capacity - what does this mean?
- lots of energy is needed to break hydrogen bonds between molecules during heating or cooling
- acts as a buffer against temp changes in aquatic environments and the body
water has a high latent heat of vapourisation - what does this mean?
sweat?
- lots of energy needed to break H-bonds between molecules to evaporate
- this means sweat is an effective cooling system because body heat can be used to evaporate water
specific heat capacity
energy needed to heat a given mass
latent heat of vapourisation
energy required to evaporate 1g of water
water is a solvent - whats a solvent?
a substance which readily dissolves other substances to form a solution
water is a metabolite - what is this?
a substance formed or needed for chemical reactions in cells
water - key points (4)
- polar molecule
- forms hydrogen bonds between molecules
- important in metabolic reactions
- used to transport substances around organisms
cohesion of water
molecules stick together due to hydrogen bonds being polar
anion
negative ion
cation
positive ion
pH
measure of the concentration of hydrogen ions in a solution.
high = high conc of H+
low = low conc of H+ (more acidic)
