key terms 01/24-01/26 Flashcards
4 types of intermolecular forces
1) electrostatic forces
2) induction forces
3) dispersion forces
4) chemical forces
Internal Energy
a combination of kinetic and configurational energy (function of temperature and density)
Entropy
degree of disorder in conducting a process; may be conceived to account for losses in the prospect of performing useful work
System
the portion of the universe that we choose to study
Closed System
no mass moves across the system boundaries
Open System
system in which mass does cross the system boundaries
Isolated System
devoid of any interaction with surroundings (no mass flow, no energy flow, work)
Equilibrium
A system is at equilibrium when there are no driving forces that affect the change in intensive variables within the system - relaxed to forces and potenntials
What happens to an isolated system spontaneously?
An isolated system spontaneously moves to an equilibrium state.
If a system is at equilibrium it will NOT spontaneously move away from equilibrium
Mass Balance Equation
Rate of mass accumulation within system boundaries = rate of mass flow into system - rate of mass flow out of system
Heat
Energy in transit from source to some destination (heat typically moves from a reservoir)
Heat Conduction
transfer of kinetic energy from faster moving molecules to slower moving molecules
Heat Convection
packets of hot mass are circulated and mixed; accelerates the equilibration process
Heat Radiation
waves of electromagnetic energy emitted from a hot body and are absorbed by a cooler body
kinetic energy
energy associated with motion of a system (translational, rotational, vibrational)
