Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Phonetics and phonology > Key terminology > Flashcards

Key terminology Flashcards

1
Q

Articulatory phonetics

A

How we make speech sounds

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Acoustic phonetics

A

How speech sounds are transmitted from the speaker to the hearer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Auditory phonetics

A

How the hearer receives and processes the acoustic signal coming from the speaker

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Larynx

A

Thickened part of trachea consisting of cartilage and bone structures connected by ligaments and muscles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Vocal folds

A

Muscular tissue attached to the arytenoid cartilage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Vocal tract

A

Area above the larynx

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Voiced sounds

A

Speech sounds made with the vocal folds vibrating

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Voiceless sounds

A

Sounds where air particles pass through the separated vocal folds

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Articulation

A

How the airstream is modified units journey through the vocal tract

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Active articulator

A

Flexible and mobile, take an active role in articulation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Passive articulator

A

Largely immobile during articulation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Place of articulation

A

Where in the vocal tract articulators modify the airflow to create a particular effect

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Manner of articulation

A

Configuration of articulators in articulation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Sustained contact

A

Articulators touch firmly, air particles cannot escape

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Close approximation

A

Little space between articulators, some air particles can pass through easily

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Open approximation

A

Gap between articulators, air particles can pass through easily

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Plosive

A

Articulators in sustained contact preventing air particles escaping, veil closure, pressure in vocal tract rises until pressure inside mouth is higher than pressure outside, articulators actively moved apart allowing air particles to escape creating a popping sound

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Fricative

A

Sounds made by narrowing 2 articulators causing turbulence, close approximation, veil closure required

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Affricate

A

Close knit sequence of a plosive and a following fricative involving more or less the same articulators and the same place of articulation

20
Q

Nasal

A

No velic closure, no rise in pressure in vocal tract, usually voiced

21
Q

Lateral approximant

A

Air particles do not travel through the centre of the oral cavity, forced to make way over one or both sides of the tongue as centre of oral cavity blocked off while openings are created on one or both sides of the tongue

22
Q

Median approximant

A

Always voiced as need the amplification, airstream flows through centre of oral cavity, need velic closure

23
Q

Trill

A

Flexible active articulator placed close to passive articulator but not in contact, air stream passed over it causing it to flap

24
Q

Tap

A

Nearly identical to trill but stops after first contact between active and passive articulators

25
Q

Secondary articulation

A

Second sound in diphthongs

26
Q

Three-term labels

A

3 parameters by which we can identify consonants: phonatory properties, place of articulation and manner of articulation

27
Q

Diacritics

A

Symbols added to main IPA symbols to indicate some change or addition to the basic gesture

28
Q

Obstruents

A

Plosives, affricates and fricatives

29
Q

Sonorants

A

Nasals, approximants, trills and taps

30
Q

Liquids

A

Laterals and rhotics

31
Q

Glides

A

Semi-vowels, [j] and [w]

32
Q

Tongue height

A

How high the highest point of the body of the tongue is inside the oral cavity

33
Q

Horizontal tongue position

A

How far forward or back the highest point of the body of the tongue is inside the oral cavity

34
Q

Lip position

A

Are the lips rounded or unrounded

35
Q

Syllable

A

Made up of 3 parts: onset, nucleus and coda

36
Q

Onset

A

One or more consonants preceding the nucleus, non-syllabic

37
Q

Nucleus

A

Occupied by vowel sound, obligatory, syllabic

38
Q

Coda

A

After nucleus, can be occupied by one or more consonants, non-syllabic

39
Q

Primary stress

A

Vertical stroke (superior), tells us which syllable stands out the most and has the greatest emphasis

40
Q

Phone

A

Smallest perceivable discrete segment of sound in a stream of speech, single phonetic segment

41
Q

Phoneme

A

Abstract unit of a group of similar sounds perceived by the speakers of a language as being one sound

42
Q

Allophone

A

A variant of a phoneme, does not change meaning of word, similar to one another and appear in different positions in the word

43
Q

Complementary distribution

A

Relation which exists in a given speech variety between 2 phones which never occur in the same environment

44
Q

Free variation

A

Ability to substitute one phoneme for another with no change in the word’s meaning

45
Q

Minimal pair

A

2 mor more words that are identical except for one phoneme that occurs in the same position in one word

Phonetics and phonology (2 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions