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ARNI - Stroke Rehab > Key Terminology > Flashcards

Key Terminology Flashcards

1
Q

AAC

A

Augmented and alternative communication

Any method of communication that supplements the ordinary methods of speech and handwriting

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2
Q

Acute stroke unit

A

A stroke unit provides acute care in the early stages post-stroke

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3
Q

ADL’s

A

Activities of daily living

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4
Q

AF

A

Atrial Fibrillation

the most common type of irregular heartbeat and a risk factor for stroke

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5
Q

AFO

A

Ankle-Foot Orthotic

A support which compensates for weakness by controlling the position and motion of the ankle

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6
Q

Aneurysm

A

a balloon-like bulge in the wall of an artery. the walls of an aneurysm are thin and weak and so they are more likely to burst and cause bleeding in the brain. (a haemorrhagic stroke)

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7
Q

Angiography

A

a type of X-ray used to examine blood vessels. it can help to diagnose conditions that affect the blood vessels and the flow of blood through them

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8
Q

anticoagulant

A

a type of medication used to thin the blood. thinning the blood helps to reduce the risk of blood clots forming and reduces the risk of stroke

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9
Q

antiplatelet drugs

A

a type of blood thinning medication. they stop the platelets in the blood sticking together and forming clots which reduces the risk of stroke

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10
Q

Aphasia

A

difficulty speaking (expressive aphasia)

difficulty understanding what is said (receptive aphasia)

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11
Q

Apraxia

A

the inability to control and co-ordinate movements or carry out complex tasks

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12
Q

arrhythmia

A

an abnormal or irregular heartbeat

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13
Q

aspiration

A

food or fluid entering the lungs through the windpipe when someone has difficulty swallowing after a stroke

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14
Q

assistive technology

A

any product or service which is designed to help disabled people live independently

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15
Q

atherosclerosis

A

hardening of the arteries

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16
Q

blood pressure

A

the measure of how strongly the pressure against the walls of the arteries as it is pumped around the body

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17
Q

brain stem

A

the stem-like part of the brain, which links the two halves (hemispheres) of the brain to the spinal cord

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18
Q

cardio-embolic stroke

A

a stroke due to a blood clot that has formed in the heart and travelling to the brain

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19
Q

Cardiovascular system

A

consists of the heart, blood vessels and blood and is responsible for transporting oxygen, nutrients, hormones and waste product throughout the body

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20
Q

carotid arteries

A

the two large blood vessels at the front of the neck

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21
Q

carotid endarterectomy

A

an operation to clear carotid arteries of fatty deposits

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22
Q

CAT scan

A

computerized Axial tomography scan

a type of X-ray that is used to see what is going on inside the brain

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23
Q

Catheter

A

a small tube which drains fluid from a part of the body

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24
Q

CPSP

A

Central Post-Stroke Pain
an effect of stroke where the person has painful burning, throbbing or shooting feelings although there is nothing present that would normally cause pain

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25
Q

Cerebellum

A

a part of the brain that sits just underneath the back of the brain and on top of the brain stem

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26
Q

cerebral cortex

A

the outer layer of the brain that is made up of grey matter (brain cells)

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27
Q

Cerebrum

A

the largest part of the brain, which includes the cerebral cortex and other areas just below the surface. the cerebrum is important for movement, vision and higher abilities like thinking, memory and talking.

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28
Q

cholesterol

A

a fatty substance that is made in the liver and found in some foods

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29
Q

CIMT

A

Constraint-Induced Movement Therapy

the use of a glove or mitt on a stroke survivor’s less-affected hand to encourage them to use their more-affected hand whilst receiving input from a therapist

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30
Q

Clinical psychologist

A

a trained health professional who may provide emotional and behavioral assessment and support

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31
Q

cognitive function

A

anything that involves ‘thinking’ can be described as a cognitive function. many people have difficulty with cognitive functions after a stroke

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32
Q

CVA

A

Cerebro-vascular Accident

another term for a stroke

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33
Q

Dietitian

A

a trained health professional who can give specialist advice about eating a healthy diet

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34
Q

Doppler Scan

A

a type of ultrasound scan which is often used to check for narrowing of blood vessels in the neck

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35
Q

drop foot

A

a problem with walking that can be caused by a stroke

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36
Q

dysarthria

A

weakness in the muscles that control the mouth, lips, tongue or breathing

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37
Q

DVT

A

Deep-Vein Thrombosis

occurs when a blood clot forms in a blood vessel (vein) deep in the body. usually the clot is in the leg.

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38
Q

Echocardiogram

A

an ultrasound scan of the heart to check for an irregular heartbeat and ejection fraction

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39
Q

ECG

A

Electrocardiogram

a test for an irregular heartbeat

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40
Q

EEG

A

Electroencephalogram

a test that measures the electrical activity of the brain

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41
Q

embolism

A

the blockage of a blood vessel by a blood clot or piece of fatty material or other debris in the blood stream. an embolism is a type of stroke

42
Q

enteral feeding

A

feeding through a tube connected to the persons stomach

43
Q

epilepsy

A

a condition where someone has repeated seizures after stroke

44
Q

ESD

A

Early Supported Discharge

for stroke survivors with mild to moderate impairment, who are deemed eligible to be discharged from hospital sooner to receive the necessary therapy at home

45
Q

Extracranial-intracranial bypass

A

surgery to restore blood flow to an area of brain tissue

46
Q

FAST test

A

a test that can be used by anyone to recognize when someone is having a stroke. FAST stands for ‘facial weakness, arm weakness, speech problems, time to call 999’

47
Q

FES

A

Functional Electrical Stimulation

the use of electrical stimulation to promote functional activities

48
Q

fMRI

A

functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging

a type of brain scan used to study the workings of the brain

49
Q

Gait

A

the way a person walks

50
Q

Goal setting

A

the process whereby a health professional and their patient decide on the main objectives for rehabilitation

51
Q

Haematoma

A

a blood clot that forms after bleeding from a burst blood vessel

52
Q

haemorrhagic stroke

A

a type of stroke caused by a blood vessel bursting within the brain

intracerebral haemmorrhage
subarachnoid haemmorrhage

53
Q

hemianopia

A

the loss of one half of the visual field which results in not being able to see to either the left or right of the visual field

54
Q

hemiparesis

A

weakness of one half of the body

55
Q

hemiplegia

A

paralysis of one side of the body

56
Q

Hydrocephalus

A

a build up of fluid on the brain

57
Q

Hyper-Acute stroke unit

A

a specialist centre designed to manage the first 72 hours of stroke care

58
Q

Hypercholesterolemia

A

High levels of cholesterol in the blood

59
Q

Hypertension

A

the medical term for high blood pressure

60
Q

hypotension

A

the medical term for low blood pressure

61
Q

Incontinence

A

loss of control of the bladder, bowel or both (double incontinence

62
Q

Infarct/Infarction

A

an area of brain tissue that has not received it’s blood supply and as a result, has been damaged. an infarct can be tiny or affect a larger part of the brain

63
Q

Ischaemic penumbra

A

injured cells which are often found around the main area of stroke damage

64
Q

ischaemic stroke

A

a type of stroke that happens when a clot blocks an artery carrying blood to the brain

65
Q

Lacunar stroke/ Lacunar infarct

A

a blockage in the tiny blood vessels deep within the brain which causes around 25% of ischaemic strokes

66
Q

MRA scan

A

Magnetic resonance angiography

is a type of MRI scan used to look at blood vessels in the body

67
Q

MRI scan

A

Magnetic Resonance imaging

a type of scan that uses strong magnetic fields and radio waves, instead of x-rays, to take detailed pictures of the inside of the body

68
Q

MDT

A

Multi disciplinary team

includes a number of different health professionals who all have specialist training and experience in stroke

69
Q

MID

A

Multi-Infarct Dementia

multiple mini strokes that take place over time giving rise to many tiny, widespread areas of damage. they are sometimes called ‘silent strokes’.

70
Q

Neglect

A

not being aware of one side of the body and/or environment

71
Q

Neuron

A

the term for a nerve cell

72
Q

neuroplasticity

A

the ability of undamaged parts of the brain to take over the jobs of damaged parts

73
Q

Nystagmus

A

Continuous uncontrolled movement of the eye

74
Q

Ophthalmologist

A

a registered doctor who specialises in investigating and treating eye conditions

75
Q

Orthoptist

A

an eye-care professional who can investigate, diagnose and treat defects of binocular vision and abnormalities of eye movements

76
Q

occupational therapist (OT)

A

a trained healthcare professional who can help stroke survivors find ways of carrying out everyday tasks

77
Q

PET scan

A

Positron Emission Tomography scan

produces a detailed three-dimensional picture of the inside of the body

78
Q

Platelets

A

small cell-like particles found in the blood. they help the blood clotting process by clumping together to form a plug. they also release substances that promote clotting

79
Q

plaque

A

fat, cholesterol, and other substances which build up in the walls of the arteries and form hard structures. These plaques can make arteries narrower and increase the risk of stroke

80
Q

Psychiatrist

A

a medically qualified doctor who specialises in the study and treatment of mental health problems

81
Q

psychologist

A

a clinical psychologist is trained in assessing and treating people with cognitive and mental health problems after stroke

82
Q

physiotherapist (PT)

A

a trained healthcare professional who can help stroke survivors by treating physical problems such as weakness and paralysis

83
Q

rehabilitation

A

support to recover and adapt to the impact of illnesses and long term conditions

84
Q

rehabilitation unit

A

a ward or dedicated area in hospital staffed by nurses and therapists with experience in stroke rehabilitation

85
Q

respite care

A

care given to someone for a short period, usually away from their own home, so their carer can have a break from their caring responsibilities

86
Q

retinal stroke

A

a stroke that happens when there is a blockage in one of the blood vessels to the eye

87
Q

SAH

A

Subarachnoid hemorrhage

a life threatening type of stroke caused by bleeding into the space surrounding the brain. it can be caused by a ruptured aneurysm, AVM, or head injury

88
Q

Speech and language therapist (SLT)

A

a trained healthcare professional who can help people with communication support needs after stroke

89
Q

Social worker

A

helps people to manage at home, carrying out assessments and arranging for support in the community

90
Q

statin

A

a type of medication used to lower cholesterol, which can reduce the risk of stroke

91
Q

stenosis (of an artery)

A

if an artery has become narrowed, it increases the risk of stroke as there is a greater chance of it becoming blocked

92
Q

Thrombectomy

A

an early surgical procedure of removing a blood clot from a blood vessel

93
Q

Thrombolysis

A

an early treatment for some types of strokes caused by a blood clot. the procedure involves being given a drug called alteplase

94
Q

thrombosis

A

a blood clot that forms in an artery

95
Q

TIA

A

Transient Ischaemic Attack

a ‘mini stroke’ the symptoms are very similar to those of a mini stroke, but they only last for a short time, sometimes only a few minutes or hours

96
Q

TMS

A

Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation

a procedure which involves applying a magnetic current to parts of the brain to promote recovery

97
Q

VAD

A

Vertebral Artery Dissection

a tear in the walls of an artery at the back of the neck. blood can then get between the layers of artery walls and this can lead to a clot forming, causing a blockage (a stroke)

98
Q

Video Fluoroscopy

A

a procedure that involves taking a series of X-ray images of the parts of the body involved in swallowing. it can help to identify what is wrong and what strategies may help

99
Q

visual field loss

A

the loss of sight in a particular area of visual field

100
Q

VR

A

Virtual reality is an augmentation used by patients to help with therapy to provide gaming-like training experiences

ARNI - Stroke Rehab (11 decks)

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