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English Paper 1 > Key Terminology > Flashcards

Key Terminology Flashcards

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Proverbs and Idioms flashcards
1
Q

What is deletion?

A

Missing out a phoneme (usually the final consonant in a word)

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2
Q

Examples of deletion

A

Da (dad), Do (dog)

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3
Q

What is substitution?

A

Replacing one phoneme with another (tends to be harder sounds swapped with ‘easier’ ones)

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4
Q

Example of substitution

A

Beep (sheep)

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5
Q

What is addition?

A

Adding an extra vowel sound to the end of a word- creates consonant-vowel-consonant-vowel pattern (cvcv)

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6
Q

Example of addition

A

Kitty, doggy, horsey

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7
Q

What is assimilation?

A

Replacing a sound with another sound that appears nearby

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8
Q

Example of assimilation

A

Peep (sheep), lellow (yellow), ba ba black beep

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9
Q

What is reduplication?

A

Repeating a whole syllable of a word

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10
Q

Example of reduplication

A

Dada, mama

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11
Q

What is consonant cluster reduction?

A

Groups of consonant sounds are reduced to a single consonant sound

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12
Q

Example of consonant cluster reduction

A

Spider> sider/pider Truck> tuck/ruck

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13
Q

What is deletion of an unstressed syllable?

A

The opening syllable of a word is missed out

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14
Q

Example of deletion of an unstressed syllable

A

Nana (banana)

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15
Q

Example of a consonant cluster

A

The gr in graph

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16
Q

What is a holophrase?

A

A one-word utterance which communicates a complete thought/meaning.

17
Q

What is a proto-word?

A

A ‘prototype’ word which is consistently used in place of the correct word.

18
Q

An example of a proto-word=

A

Mama used in place for mother

19
Q

What characterises the telegraphic stage?

A

Characterised by a lack of grammatical function words and other grammatical mistakes.

20
Q

What is a phoneme?

A

The smallest unit of sound in a language.

21
Q

What is overextension?

A

Extending the meaning of a word too far- ie- to include objects to which it doesn’t refer.

22
Q

What are the three categories for overextension and who identified these?

A

Categorical, analogically and mismatch and Rescorla.

23
Q

What is categorical overextension?

A

The name for one member of a category is extended to all members of the category e.g apple used for all round fruits.

24
Q

What is analogically overextension?

A

A word for one object is extended to one in a different category; usually on the basis that it has some physical or functional extension e.g. ball used for all round fruits

25
Q

What is mismatch overextension?

A

When a child makes a statement about one object in relation to another e.g saying duck when looking at an empty pond.

26
Q

What is under extension?

A

Not extending the meaning of a word far enough.

27
Q

What is hyponymy?

A

The relationship between a generic term (hypernym) and a specific instance of it (hyponym).

28
Q

What is overgeneralisation?

A

Using a grammatical rule in an instance where it doesn’t apply.

29
Q

What is a virtuous error?

A

A type of overgeneralisation which, although a mistake, reveals something positive about the child’s understanding of grammar.

30
Q

What is a bound morpheme?

A

A unit of meaning within a word which depends on other morphemes to make sense - e.g. …est, un…

31
Q

What is a free morpheme?

A

A unit of meaning within a word which doesn’t depend on other morphemes to make sense - e.g. strong, happy

32
Q

What is CDS (child directed speech)?

A

The general term for all the ways in which adults adapt their language when talking to children.

33
Q

What is a recast?

A

Repeating a grammatically incorrect utterance with corrections.

34
Q

What is expansion?

A

Developing a child’s utterance to make it grammatically complete.

35
Q

What did Ervin Tripp emphsise?

A

He emphasised how children have to work collaboratively to create role plays, and also that it helps them use language in new and unfamiliar contexts, which strengthens their knowledge.

36
Q

What did Jean Aitchison study?

A

She looked at how children develop an understanding of meaning. She found that they went through 3 stages.

37
Q

What is the first stage?

A

Labelling- linking words to objects e.g. cat

38
Q

What is the second stage?

A

Packaging- exploring words and working out what they can apply to (making sure your words go in the right ‘boxes’) - over and underextension help children to work out the limits of a word - e.g. ‘cat’ no longer refers to rabbits, dogs, capybaras

39
Q

What is the third stage?

A

Network building- making connections between words such as oppposites (antonyms), similarities (synonyms), hypernyms or categories

English Paper 1 (3 decks)

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