Key Study: Stages of Attachment - Schaffer & Emerson (1964)

Question 1

What is the aim of Schaffer & Emerson’s study?

Answer 1

To investigate the age at which attachment forms

Question 2

What is the method of Schaffer and Emerson’s study?

Answer 2

The sample consisted of 60 babies (31 male and 29 female) from working class families based in Glasgow, UK. The babies and mothers were visited every month for the babies’ first year of life and again at 18 months. The mothers were asked questions about the babies’ reactions when they were separated and when there was a stranger present.

Question 3

What is the findings of Schaffer’s & Emerson’s study?

Answer 3

• 65% formed their first attachment with their mothers
• 3% formed their first attachment with their father
• 27% formed joint first attachment
• 5% unclassified which may be due to withdrawal from the study.
  By 18 months, 87% had at least 2 attachments whereas 31% were attached to 5 or more people (multiple attachments).

Question 4

What is the conclusion of Schaffer’s and Emerson?

Answer 4

• Attachment develops in different stage `