Key science skills Flashcards
Types of scientific methods
- controlled experiment
- cross sectional studies
- field experiments
- correlational studies
- case studies, individuals, small groups
- observational studies
- self reports/ questionnaires
- simulation studies
- literature reviews
- modelling
- product, process or system development
Aim of a controlled experiment
eliminate variables that could interfere
Variable
measurable factor changes in amount or kind over time
Aim
the focus of the research
Independent Variable (IV)
variable changed/manipulated/varied in order to measure its effect on the DV
Dependent Variable (DV)
what is observed/measured, expected to change due to the IV
Extraneous Variable
Any variable other than the IV that can have an effect/change results of the DV
Confounding variable
a variable present from the beginning to the end that has not been identified at the beginning of the experiment, effect the DV
Controlled Variable
variable that remains constant throughout the whole experiment
Hypothesis
A prediction on the effect of changing the IV on the value/result of the DV
A hypothesis must include…
- IV
- DV
- direction of the experiment
- comparison of groups
Theory
Explanation of a set of findings about behaviour/mental processes
Scientific Method
steps followed to conduct investigation
Population
Group of people who are the focus of the study
Sample
Group of people who participate in study
