Key risk factors for Disorders

Question 1

Pancreatic Cancer

Answer 1

Age: 65-75 yo
Smoking: Most important environmental factor
DM: mild increased risk
Chronic pancreatitis: risk is the highest after 20 years of Dx
Genetic predisposition: Hereditary pancreatitis, MEN syndromes, HNPCC, FAP

Question 2

Colon adenocarcinoma

Answer 2

low fiber diet

Question 3

acute/chronic pancreatitis

Answer 3

alcohol

hyper TG

Question 4

HCC

Answer 4

viral Hep B/C

Question 5

Gastric adenocarcinoma and Gastric Lymphoma

Answer 5

Chronic H. pylori

Question 6

Anemia

Answer 6

Nutrient Df: B12, folic acid, Iron

Hemolytic Ds.

Question 7

Muscle wasting and edema

Answer 7

Protein Df.

Question 8

Bone pain
muscle weakness
tetany

Which isolated vitamin Df?

Answer 8

Rickets/ Osteomalacia

Vitamin D Df.

Question 9

Petechiae and easy bruising

Isolated Vitamin Df.

Answer 9

Vitamin K (needed for Vitamin K dependent gamma carboxylation)

Question 10

Hyperkeratosis
Night Blindness

Isolated Vitamin Df.

Answer 10

Vitamin A

Question 11

Acute Pancreatitis

Answer 11

1. ERCP
2. Rx: Azathioprine, sulfasalazine, furosemide, valproic acid
3. Hyper-TG (>1000mig/dL starts to exceed the binding capacity of Apo-Proteins)
4. Structural abn.
5. Surgery
6. Hypercalcemia

Question 12

Hepatic encephalopathy

Answer 12

GI bleeding
and any other stressor that alters the ammonia balance (met. alkalosis, hypoxia, sedatives, hypoglycemia, infections, hypovolemia, hypokalemia…)