key questions

Question 1

What three components must every sound production system have?

Answer 1

energy (lungs also called pulmonic)
sound source (vocal FOLDS)
filters (mouth, teeth, tongue, nose, ect)

Question 2

What are the two types of pulmonic sounds and how are they produced?

Answer 2

out flow (egressive)
in flow (ingressive)

Question 3

What is phonetics?

Answer 3

sub field of linguistics
examines sounds and sound inventories

Question 4

What units represent speech?

Answer 4

segments
syllable
feature

Question 5

What unit is primarily investigated in phonetics?

Answer 5

segments

Question 6

what is a segment

Answer 6

individual speech sound.
3 categories
vowels
constants
glides/semivowels/semi constants

Question 7

How is sound produced in the larynx?

Answer 7

air passes through. vocal folds located here
vocal folds vibrate/move/ stay still to create sound

Question 8

What is the glottis?

Answer 8

the space between the vocal folds where air flows.
4 states

Question 9

What is the shape of the vocal folds for the four different states of the glottis?

Answer 9

1 voiced- open, close together causing vibrating
2 voiceless- open not vibrating not close
3whisper- voiceless, front of vocal folds closed, back are apart at same time
4 murmur- breathy voice, voiced but vocal folds more relaxed than in voiced

Question 10

What are the three areas of the body that are used to modify sound?

Answer 10

oral cavity, nasal cavity, larynx

Question 11

What are the two major classes of sounds?

Answer 11

constants and vowels

Question 12

How do vowels differ from consonants in terms of articulation?

Answer 12

vowels are open and have little to no obstruction in the oral and vocal tract, constants have obstruction in oral tract

Question 13

define a vowel

Answer 13

sonorous, syllabic sounds, more open vocal tract

Question 14

define the term ‘syllabic’

Answer 14

syllable is peak of the sonority surrounded by less sonorous segments. usually a vowel.

Question 15

define a constant

Answer 15

less sonoous than vowel, vocal tract is obstructed in some way to form it.

Question 16

What are semivowels?

Answer 16

other names; glides, semi constants
w in will and [y] in yes

Question 17

How do vowels differ from consonants in terms of acoustics?

Answer 17

vowels are more sonorous than constants.

Question 18

What are the four major articulators?

Answer 18

tongue, teeth, lips and velum

Question 19

How is a consonant formed?

Answer 19

by creating an obstruction(s) in the vocal tract

Question 20

What are the three criteria for describing the articulation of a consonant

Answer 20

1. voiced or voiceless (glottal state)
2. where is the air stream constricted (Place of articulation)
   3.how is the air stream constricted (manner of articulation)

Question 21

What is the primary articulating organ?

Answer 21

tongue

Question 22

What are the four articulators in producing a consonant?

Answer 22

tongue, lips, teeth, velum

Question 23

What is place of articulation?

Answer 23

where the obstruction is (usually tongue) in refrence to the rest of the oral tract. ie is the tongue touching ridge, pallet, or other part of oral cavity.

Question 24

What are the eight places of articulation in the body?

Answer 24

1. lips
2. teeth

Question 25

teeth role in articulation

Answer 25

can either be barrier/filter on own (dental) or in combo with tongue trapping it (interdental).
example ‘th’ in though is voiced ‘th’ in thing is voiceless

Question 26

interdental

Answer 26

tongue trapped between teeth.
example; ‘th’ voiced- though
voiceless- thing

Question 27

lips role in articulation

Answer 27

place; bilabial or labiodental
sounds (add s)
restrict/filter air flow
example ‘p’ (bi)
‘f’ (la)

Question 28

bilabial meaning

Answer 28

sound produced using both (bi) lips
example of sound ‘p’

Question 29

labiodental

Answer 29

sound filtered using teeth to one lip
example ‘f’

Question 30

Sounds can be described according to their place of articulation. What are the names of the type of sounds created in each place of articulation?

Question 31

What is a word that provides and example of each type of sound?

Question 32

What are the places of articulation for English consonants?

Answer 32

oral cavity

Question 33

What is a labiovelar sound?

Answer 33

[w] is a labiovelar sound
uses lips and velum (soft palate)

Question 34

What is the difference between a dental and an interdental sound?

Answer 34

dental sound is made using the teeth, interdental has the tongue trapped between the teeth

Question 35

What is language?

Question 36

What is linguistics?

Answer 36

linguistics is the study of language.

Question 37

What is a grammar?

Answer 37

a grammar is words and how words are strung together.