key points to learn SGs Flashcards

Question

mumps clinical

Answer 1

bilateral enlargement parotid pain skin over unaffected malaise, fever, headache

Answer 2

accumulation of neutrophils and fluid in lumen of ductal structures

Answer 3

``` one gland pus discharge redness of overlying skin trismus pyrexia ```

Answer 4

acinar destruction with neutrophil infiltrates and bacterial presence

Answer 5

``` ALWAYS dehydration and flow reduction flow obstruction DM immune suppression abnormal anatomy hospital pts SS elderly HandN radio ```

Answer 6

esp if traumatic habit persists | RFs = younger pt, ventral tongue

Answer 7

``` vascular GT surrounding a mucus pool foam cells macrophage lined cavity cystic cavity severed duct if trauma ```

Answer 8

``` unilateral SG swelling worst pain periprandial painful intermittent affected gland can get infected - suppurative sialadenitis ```

Answer 9

calcified structure dilated ducts with calculi chronic inflammatory cells metaplasia of lining from columnar to SSE - irritation from stone

Answer 10

``` hx attempt to palpate calculus radiograph - not always sialography CT - check for other causes of obstruction ```

Answer 11

``` conservative - moist heat and gentle massage - hydration - sialogogues e.g. lemon drops - try to remove it if in proximity of exit - NSAIDs - AB if infection surgery lithotripsy sialendoscopy surgical removal of gland - recurrent stones/irreversible damage to gland ```

Answer 12

non-inflammatory, non-neoplastic, chronic, diffuse enlargement of major SGs painless bilateral can be reactive mechanism e.g. EDs/alcoholism clinical diagnosis no tx

Answer 13

hypertrophy of serous acini | oedema of interstitial CT

Answer 14

``` dehydration psychological mouth breathing neurological dysfct disease e.g. SS, sarcoidosis meds - tricyclics, antihistamines, diuretics SG tumour SG trauma nutritional deficiencies and/or EDs ```

Answer 15

5mg up to 30mg

Answer 16

``` iritis and narrow angle glaucoma CV disease chronic pulmonary disease inc uncontrolled asthma pts taking B adrenergic blockers active gastric ulcers ```

Answer 17

``` vision changes hiccups bradycardia hypotension bronchoconstriction hyperhidrosis nausea, vomiting, diarrhoea cutaneous vasodilation increased urinary freq ```

Answer 18

gustatory sweating | excision from parotid gland and damaged nerve fibres

Answer 19

rapid growth pain fixation to deep tissues facial palsy

Answer 20

vascular damage of palatine vessels | ischaemic necrosis and infarction of minor SGs

Answer 21

hyperplasia metaplasia of ducts necrosis of salivary acini

Answer 22

collections of granulomas | can occur in any organ but often affect SGs causing large masses and facial palsy

Answer 23

failure of a duct to canalise | can result in salivary retention cysts

Answer 24

parotid enlargement in 10% pts

Answer 25

causes plugging of acinar ducts with precipitated secretions | essentially microscopic sialoliths

Answer 26

build up of amyloid protein fibrils | lymphoepithelial cysts

Answer 27

congenital absence of 1 or more SGs | ectodermal dysplasia

Answer 28

because of their highly differentiated and specialised state | - not because of high mitotic figures

Answer 29

reduced secretion | early apoptosis of SG cells

Answer 30

reduction of gland fct | increased lymphocytic infiltrate

Answer 31

``` 1 - dry eyes subjective 2 - dry eyes objective 3 - dry mouth subjective 4 - dry mouth objective 5 - autoAB findings 6 - HP American european consensus group revised international criteria 4 or more positive criteria (must inc 5 and/or 6) ```

Answer 32

``` focal lymphocytic sialadenitis - focal collections of 50+ lymphocytes - ≥1 collection/4mm2 acinar loss fibrosis ```

Answer 33

lymphocytic infiltration atrophy of acini ductal epithelium shows hyperplasia which eventually occludes ducts - myoepithelial islands