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Renal Pathology > Key points in Renal Disease > Flashcards

Key points in Renal Disease Flashcards

1
Q

Adult PKD is ___ and ___

A

dominant and bilateral

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2
Q

Adult PKD presents with _____, _____, and ______

A

Hematuria, Hypertension, and palpable abdominal mass

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3
Q

Childhood PKD is associated with ______

A

liver cysts

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4
Q

Major cause of death in children with PKD is ______

A

liver fail

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5
Q

___ is a unilateral, non-genetic malformation

A

Multicystic kidney

(Dysplastic Kidney)

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6
Q

Bilateral renal agenesis

A

Potters disease

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7
Q

Cystic dysplasia is characterized by _____ with _____ & ______

A

undifferentiated mesenchyme

with cartilage and immature collecting tubules

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8
Q

Acquired Cystic Renal disease is associated with

A

development of renal tubular adenocarcinoma

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9
Q

Most common cause of UTI in kids is ___ which leads to ____

A

ureto-pelvic stenosis

–> vesicouretal reflux

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10
Q

RAS in young women is ususally associated with _____

A

fibromuscular dysplasia

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11
Q

Necrosis and renal cortical petechiae are characteristic of

A

Malignant Hypertension

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12
Q

Changes in calcium homeostasis during renal failure

A

Hypocalcemia

  1. Decreased vitamin D metabolites in kidney leads to reduced Calcium absorption in intestine
  2. Low calcium causes hyperPTH and mobilization of bone mineral, causing RENAL OSTEODYSTROPHY
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13
Q

Uremia is associated with these three things

A

Hemorrhagic pneumonitis

Hemorrhagic enterocolitis

Fibrinous pericarditis

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14
Q

Other three symptoms in Uremia

A

Mental status alteration

Asterixis

Friction rub (pericarditis)

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15
Q

Nodular GN is characteristic of

A

Diabetes

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16
Q

4 causes of tubular disease

A

Ischemia

Toxins

Crush

Sepsis

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17
Q

Red casts indicate

A

glomerular disease

18
Q

White casts indicate

A

GN

19
Q

Broad casts associated with

A

end stage renal disease

20
Q

diseases localized in the Glomerulus will not show _____

A

epithelial casts

21
Q

TB can give rise to

A

pyuria with neg urine cultures

22
Q

Mosts common cause of myoglobinuria

A

trauma

23
Q

Metabolic diseases with calculi

A

HyperPTH

Oxalosis

gout

24
Q

Calculi may cause or be caused by ______

A

infection

(obstruction may cause infection)

25
Q

4 things associated with papillary necrosis

A

Phenacetin

DM

Obstructive urolithiasis

SCD

26
Q

Most common presenting sign of renal cell carcinoma

A

painless hematuria

27
Q

RCC most commonly arises from

A

tubular epithelium

28
Q

Most calculi contain

A

Calcium

Oxalate

Phosphate

29
Q

Most important risk factor for development of calcium oxalate stones

A

High urinary uric acid

30
Q

This may distinguish pyelonephritis from LUTI

A

white cell casts

(indicate renal disease)

31
Q

Tumors may resemble ____, and may cause ___ & ____

A

sarcoma

hypercalcemia & polycythemia

32
Q

____ tumor presents in children

A

Wilms

ultiple mesenchyme-derived tissues

33
Q

Second most common cause of acute cystitis in young women

A

Staph saprophyticus

(chlamydia is often associated with sterile cystiis)

34
Q

Predisposes to squamous cell carcinoma of the bladder (3)

A

Shistosoma haematobium

Aniline/Azo dyes

Smoking (carcinogens in urine)

35
Q

Malakoplakia characterized by presence of ___ and ____

A

histiocytes and Michaelis-Gutmann bodies

(MGB’s consist of foamy MQ and PAS+ granules)

36
Q

Cryptorchidism associated with ___, ___, ____, and _____

A

Hernia

sterility

trauma

testucular tumors

37
Q

Pyogenic infections most often affect which stuctures?

A

epididymis

urethra

prostate

38
Q

More diagnostic of prostatic hyperplasia

A

alkaline phosphatase

39
Q

lesions of prostatic hyperplasia are…

What are the most common?

A

Osteoblastic

(although may induce some lytic lesions)

Most common = Hyperdense lesions with sclerosis

40
Q

Back pain is more indicative of ___ than ____

A

(Prostatic) carcinoma than hyperplasia

41
Q

Penile cancers are often ______

A

squamous cell carcinomas

42
Q

_____ is penile cancer associated with high-risk HPV

A

Bowen’s disease

Renal Pathology (1 decks)

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