Key points in Renal Disease

Question 1

Adult PKD is ___ and ___

Answer 1

dominant and bilateral

Question 2

Adult PKD presents with _____, _____, and ______

Answer 2

Hematuria, Hypertension, and palpable abdominal mass

Question 3

Childhood PKD is associated with ______

Answer 3

liver cysts

Question 4

Major cause of death in children with PKD is ______

Answer 4

liver fail

Question 5

___ is a unilateral, non-genetic malformation

Answer 5

Multicystic kidney

(Dysplastic Kidney)

Question 6

Bilateral renal agenesis

Answer 6

Potters disease

Question 7

Cystic dysplasia is characterized by _____ with _____ & ______

Answer 7

undifferentiated mesenchyme

with cartilage and immature collecting tubules

Question 8

Acquired Cystic Renal disease is associated with

Answer 8

development of renal tubular adenocarcinoma

Question 9

Most common cause of UTI in kids is ___ which leads to ____

Answer 9

ureto-pelvic stenosis

–> vesicouretal reflux

Question 10

RAS in young women is ususally associated with _____

Answer 10

fibromuscular dysplasia

Question 11

Necrosis and renal cortical petechiae are characteristic of

Answer 11

Malignant Hypertension

Question 12

Changes in calcium homeostasis during renal failure

Answer 12

Hypocalcemia

1. Decreased vitamin D metabolites in kidney leads to reduced Calcium absorption in intestine
2. Low calcium causes hyperPTH and mobilization of bone mineral, causing RENAL OSTEODYSTROPHY

Question 13

Uremia is associated with these three things

Answer 13

Hemorrhagic pneumonitis

Hemorrhagic enterocolitis

Fibrinous pericarditis

Question 14

Other three symptoms in Uremia

Answer 14

Mental status alteration

Asterixis

Friction rub (pericarditis)

Question 15

Nodular GN is characteristic of

Answer 15

Diabetes

Question 16

4 causes of tubular disease

Answer 16

Ischemia

Toxins

Crush

Sepsis

Question 17

Red casts indicate

Answer 17

glomerular disease

Question 18

White casts indicate

Answer 18

GN

Question 19

Broad casts associated with

Answer 19

end stage renal disease

Question 20

diseases localized in the Glomerulus will not show _____

Answer 20

epithelial casts

Question 21

TB can give rise to

Answer 21

pyuria with neg urine cultures

Question 22

Mosts common cause of myoglobinuria

Answer 22

trauma

Question 23

Metabolic diseases with calculi

Answer 23

HyperPTH

Oxalosis

gout

Question 24

Calculi may cause or be caused by ______

Answer 24

infection

(obstruction may cause infection)

Question 25

4 things associated with papillary necrosis

Answer 25

Phenacetin DM Obstructive urolithiasis SCD

Question 26

Most common presenting sign of renal cell carcinoma

Answer 26

painless hematuria

Question 27

RCC most commonly arises from

Answer 27

tubular epithelium

Question 28

Most calculi contain

Answer 28

Calcium Oxalate Phosphate

Question 29

Most important risk factor for development of calcium oxalate stones

Answer 29

High urinary uric acid

Question 30

This may distinguish pyelonephritis from LUTI

Answer 30

white cell casts | (indicate renal disease)

Question 31

Tumors may resemble \_\_\_\_, and may cause ___ & \_\_\_\_

Answer 31

sarcoma hypercalcemia & polycythemia

Question 32

\_\_\_\_ tumor presents in children

Answer 32

Wilms ultiple mesenchyme-derived tissues

Question 33

Second most common cause of acute cystitis in young women

Answer 33

Staph saprophyticus (chlamydia is often associated with sterile cystiis)

Question 34

Predisposes to squamous cell carcinoma of the bladder (3)

Answer 34

Shistosoma haematobium Aniline/Azo dyes Smoking (carcinogens in urine)

Question 35

Malakoplakia characterized by presence of ___ and \_\_\_\_

Answer 35

histiocytes and Michaelis-Gutmann bodies (MGB's consist of foamy MQ and PAS+ granules)

Question 36

Cryptorchidism associated with \_\_\_, \_\_\_, \_\_\_\_, and \_\_\_\_\_

Answer 36

Hernia sterility trauma testucular tumors

Question 37

Pyogenic infections most often affect which stuctures?

Answer 37

epididymis urethra prostate

Question 38

More diagnostic of prostatic hyperplasia

Answer 38

alkaline phosphatase

Question 39

lesions of prostatic hyperplasia are... What are the most common?

Answer 39

Osteoblastic (although may induce some lytic lesions) Most common = _Hyperdense lesions with sclerosis_

Question 40

Back pain is more indicative of ___ than \_\_\_\_

Answer 40

(Prostatic) _carcinoma_ than _hyperplasia_

Question 41

Penile cancers are often \_\_\_\_\_\_

Answer 41

squamous cell carcinomas

Question 42

\_\_\_\_\_ is penile cancer associated with high-risk HPV

Answer 42

Bowen's disease