Key Points

Question 1

What was the Protestation of 1629?

Answer 1

1. The innovation of religion/spread of Catholicism is a traitor
2. Collection of illegal taxes is an enemy
3. Payment “

Question 2

Petition of Right

Answer 2

• Subject taxed only by parl consent
• martial law and billeting illegal
• Inentded to confirm a common understanding in law but only presented not chance of a mutual relationship bewteen king and parl

Question 3

What was the book of orders and its impact?

Answer 3

Reformation of local government. Angered those who benefited from autonomy

Question 4

Court of High Commission

Answer 4

Used to enforce canon law

Question 5

Royal councils

Answer 5

Enforced royal perogative control far away from westminster

Question 6

Forest FInes

Answer 6

Royal forests tax -> annoyed rich and powerful landowners

Question 7

Distraint of Knighthood

Answer 7

not attending coronation -> £175,000

Question 8

Auditing Conformity

Answer 8

Annual visitations and presentment bills

Question 9

Militia Ordinance

Answer 9

• Put parliament in charge of the millitary and make laws without royal consent -> funded via ship money (ironic)

Question 10

Commisions of Array

Answer 10

King uses perogative measures to raise an army

Question 11

Exclusion bill

Answer 11

• Removes bishops from house of Lords

Question 12

Additional instruction

Answer 12

• Commons would raise an army to subdue Irish if the king agreed to only appoint councillors approved by Parliament
• 151 for and 110 against

Question 13

Emerging Puritan groups

Answer 13

• Hampden circle
• Pamphleteers
• Providence island company

Question 14

The Triennal Act

Answer 14

• Feb 1641

- Parliament must be called no later than three years after the dissolution of its predecessor

Question 15

A ‘perpetual parliament’

Answer 15

A parliament without an end

Question 16

Root and Branch Petition

Answer 16

• Feb 1641
• Called for the abolition of Bishops
• This is a key show of parliamentry radicalism by Pym as most MP’s only wanted a return to the moderate Bishops of Elizabeth’s time and not a Presbytarian system. A small group wanted to go further to create a Puritan Congregational church.
• 15000 signatures from London
• Passed 139 to 108 in August 1641

Question 17

Bridge Appointments

Answer 17

• Early 1641
• To provide Charles with a suitable financial settlement in return to call regular Parliaments and to place oppostion leaders in the Lords to the privy council and Pym to Chancellor of the Exchequer and secretary of State to be Denzil Holles.
• Bedford, the bridge between king and parliament died in May 1641 and brought an end to this deal.

Question 18

Ten Propisitions

Answer 18

• June 1641
• How a settlement might be made with the king (limited the kings powers)
• Disbandment of army in the north
• Parliamentary input to privy council memebers
• Control over education of the Kings children
• no outcome but highlights the radical nature of their terms introducing dramatic constitutional innovations

Question 19

Army Plot

Answer 19

• May 1641
• Late april -> charles orders all army officers to return to army in north
• Outcomes -> Protestation oath, act against the dissolution of Parliament without its own consent, efforts towards strafford increased

Question 20

The Grand Remonstrance

Answer 20

• November 1641
• An overview of Charles reign, blaming ‘evil’ advisers and bishops for present roubles.
• Demands for constitutional change -> Influence in royal officeres, HoL to be cleared of bishops and catholics
• It began to shift the focus from removing sources of mischief to a proactive program of limitation of the King
• Only passed 159 to 148 and was not sent to the house of lords sensing a pyrrhic victory

Question 21

Bill of Attainder

Answer 21

• April 1641
• allowed Strafford to be prosecuted without legal proof but monarch has to give assent
• 204 votees to 59 but half of commons stayed away
• Under fears of a public uprising , Charles passed the act
• The army plot was the main factor that set the execution through

Question 22

Venetian Ambassador on Pym

Answer 22

“director of the whole machine”

Question 23

Cumbernauld Band

Answer 23

• August 1640
• Group of 18 scottish nobles lead by the Earl of Montrose (moderate Covenanter) expressed their loyalty to the king and a desire to defend his authority

Question 24

The ‘incident’ of October 1641

Answer 24

• Visit to Scotland as agreed in Treaty of Ripon
• Made concessions to convenanters but plotted to remove most radical Convenanters (argyll and hamilton) by military force.
• Plot leaked and created divisions within the scottish nobility

Question 25

‘The graces’

Answer 25

• Ireland
  In return for 3 x £120,000 subsidies, Recusancy fines would not be collected, Oath of Supremacy for those in office relaxed and garuntee of land titles over 60 years old. Graces werent adressed after subsidies.