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Haematology, Dermatology and GP learning > Key points > Flashcards

Key points Flashcards

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Dermatology Board Prep flashcards
1
Q

rbc lifespan?

A

120 days

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2
Q

neutrophil lifespan?

A

2-4 days

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3
Q

lymphocyte lifespan?

A

1 day to yrs

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4
Q

platelet lifespan, hence how many days prior to major surgery should antiplatelet drugs be stopped?

A

10 days

must stop at least 1 wk before surgery

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5
Q

what is the aa substitution that takes place in sickle cell disease?

A

glutamic acid to valine

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6
Q

what is the 1st recognisable cell that begins the process of granulopoiesis?

A

myeloblast

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7
Q

derivatives of the common myeloid progenitor cell?

A

megakaryocyte-platelet
proerythroblast-reticulocyte-erythrocyte
mast cell (from a mast cell progenitor)
myeloblast- neutrophil, basophil, eosinophil, monoblast-monocyte-macrophage

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8
Q

derivatives of common lymphoid progenitor cell?

A

B lymphocyte- plasma cell- cancer= multiple myeloma
T lymphocyte
natural killer cell= innate immune response

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9
Q

why is HbA1c diabetic monitoring inaccurate in a ptnt with a hameolytic anaemia?

A

hamolysis= shorter half life of rbc

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10
Q

up until 3 mnths gestation, where does haemopoiesis in the fetus take place?

A

yolk sac

begins in liver from 6 wks

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11
Q

where does hamopoiesis take place in fetus between 6 wks and 6 mnths gestatation?

A

liver and spleen

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12
Q

what would normal bone marrow cellularity be for a patient aged 30 years old?

A

100-30

=70% of active bone-producing cells

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13
Q

predominant location of bone marrow in adult?

A 
pelvis
sternum
vertebrae
ribs
skull
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14
Q

why is hepatomegaly and splenomegaly seen in myeloproliferative disorders?

A

BM working overtime, hamopoiesis here therefore inadequate, so also occurs in liver and spleen

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15
Q

what can be given to ptnts receiving chemotherapy to shorten the duration of neutropenia which increases their infection risk?

A

recombinant granulocyte colony stimulating factor (GCSF)

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16
Q

how can Fe levels be regulated in the body?

A

only by absorption, to match losses from bleeding, sloughed mucosal epithelial cells and pregnancy.
excess Fe CANNOT be excreted by body

17
Q

what can free Fe2+ produce that is dangerous to the body?

A

OH and lipid free radicals which can damage lipid membranes, nucleic acids and proteins

18
Q

inheritence pattern of hereditary haemochromatosis- condition in which there is increased Fe absorption from the gut?

A

autosomal recessive

19
Q

how is hereditary haemochromatosis treated?

A

venesection- blood is drained off

20
Q

how can Fe overload be delayed in conditions requiring regular blood transfusions e.g. thalassaemia?

A

use Fe chelating agents e.g. desferrioxamine

21
Q

why does a macrocytosis (presence of abnormally large rbc in blood) occur with vit B12/folate deficiency?

A

these are required for DNA synthesis

without, rbc unable to progress from G2 to mitosis, so cells continue to grow without division.

22
Q

what is a megaloblast?

A

an abnormal form of any precursor cell to the rbc

23
Q

causes of macrocytic anaemias?

A 
vit B12/folate deficiency
alcoholism
liver disease
hypothyroidism
Myelodysplastic syndromes
Marrow infiltration
Antifolate drugs e.g. Phenytoin
24
Q

Give 7 causes of a normocytic anaemia

A 
Acute blood loss
Renal failure
BM failure
Anaemia of chronic disease
Hypothyroidism
Haemolysis
Pregnancy
25
Q

Causes of a microcytic anaemia

A

Fe deficiency-most common cause of which is heavy periods
Thalassaemia
Sideroblastic anaemia

26
Q

Based on FBC results, when should thalassaemia be suspected?

A

When MCV is too low for Hb level and red cell count is increased.

27
Q

what is a paraprotein?

A

a monoclonal immunoglobulin

28
Q

how does transfusion of 1 unit of blood affect Hb conc?

A

should increase it by 1g/dL

Haematology, Dermatology and GP learning (7 decks)

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