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RS > Key Philosophers > Flashcards

Key Philosophers Flashcards

1
Q

When was Socrates born?

A

470 BC

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2
Q

When did Socrates die?

A

399 BC

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3
Q

What were Socrates main principles?

A

-Knowledge is the greatest virtue.
-Uses inductive arguments.
-Used a method of enquiry into knowledge based on scrutiny and an interest in definitions.

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4
Q

Give a quote that sums up Socrate’s thinking

A

“I know that i know nothing and therefore i know everything.”

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5
Q

When was Plato born?

A

428 BC

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6
Q

when did Plato die?

A

347 BC

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7
Q

What did Plato do?

A

Develop Socrates’ teachings

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8
Q

What did Plato investigate?

A

ethical questions, the immortality of the soul and political philosophy.

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9
Q

What did this leave Plato to conclude?

A

We can’t say anything about ‘X’ before we establish what ‘Y’ is.

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10
Q

When was Aristotle born?

A

384 BC

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11
Q

When did Aristotle die?

A

322 BC

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12
Q

What is the concept of syllogism?

A

All A’s are B’s, all B’s are C’s, therefore all A’s are C’s

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13
Q

What is the Aristotelian circle?

A

Practical wisdom can lead directly to well-being. Individuals who experience general well-being are individuals with “virtue”.

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14
Q

What does virtue mean?

A

Virtues are moral and intellectual characteristics which one must possess in order to achieve “the good life”.

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15
Q

When was St Augustine born?

A

354 AD

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16
Q

When did St Augustine die?

A

430 AD

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17
Q

What was Augustine Bishop of?

A

Hippo Regius (Alegria)

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18
Q

Why is free will important?

A

Without free will God cannot punish the wrong doer or reward the righteous.

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19
Q

When was Thomas Aqunias born?

A

1224

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20
Q

When did Thomas Aquinas die?

A

1274

21
Q

Does Aquinas consider Aristotle’s logic and ethics to be compatible with Christanity?

A

Yes he does.

22
Q

What are the 2 routes to God?

A

Divine Revelation and Human Reasoning

23
Q

What does Aquinas say about the statement: “God exists.”?

A

The statement is not self-evident. It is a proposition that requires demonstration

24
Q

When was William Ockham born?

A

1285

25
Q

When did William Ockham die?

A

1347

26
Q

What was Ockham committed to?

A

To precise and meaningful language.

27
Q

What is Ockham’s Razor?

A

The most productive and effective form of philosophical inquiry is the simplest.

28
Q

When was Rene Descartes born?

A

1596

29
Q

When did Rene Descartes die?

A

1650

30
Q

What did Descartes doubt?

A

Everything, even truths he previously accepted.

31
Q

Why is Empirical evidence not reliable?

A

As senses (experience) can deceive us.

32
Q

What is the only certainty?

A

Doubt itself. As he could not doubt were his own thoughts.

33
Q

When was David Hume born?

A

1711

34
Q

When did David Hume die?

A

1776

35
Q

What religion did Hume believe in?

A

None, he was an atheist.

36
Q

Where does all knowledge come from?

A

From experience (sense)

37
Q

Why do people assume more knowledge about the external world?

A

Due to inductive reasoning

38
Q

What are the 2 questions to ask to decide if a statement is true or false?

A

1) Does it contain matters of fact? If so, do they relate to our experience to prove them true?

2) Does it give the relationship between 2 abstract ideas or reasoning of the sort found in mathematics or geometry

39
Q

What does it mean if the answer is “no” to the questions that decide if a statement is true or false?

A

That the statement in question is meaningless.

40
Q

When was Immanuel Kant born?

A

1724

41
Q

When did Immanuel Kant die?

A

1804

42
Q

Where is knowledge acquired?

A

From both experience and ideas

43
Q

What is the distinction between things?

A

Phenomena (Knowable through our senses) and Noumena (reality behind them, noumena are beyond our understanding).

44
Q

What is the form of idealism Kant developed?

A

The understanding of our world depends in the way in which the mind has organised experiences. Reality is independent of our observations.

45
Q

When was Bertrand Russell born?

A

1872

46
Q

When did Bertrand Russell die?

A

1970

47
Q

What is philosophical logic?

A

Key philosophical questions reworked into mathematical terms.

48
Q

What is misleading?

A

normal everyday language.

49
Q

Why is everyday language confusing?

A

As every word should stand for something but often the user does not know what they stand for.

RS (4 decks)

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