Key Periods In Educational history Flashcards
What was the purpose of education in primitive societies (7000 BC-5000 BC)?
To teach group survival skills and cultivate group cohesiveness.
Practical skills included hunting, fishing, food gathering, stories, myths, songs, poems, and dances.
Who were the educators in primitive societies?
Parents, tribal elders, and priests.
What was the focus of education in Greek society (1600 BC-300 BC)?
To cultivate civic responsibility and identity with the city-state.
Athenian education aimed to develop a well-rounded person, while Spartan education focused on developing soldiers and military leaders.
What subjects were taught in Athenian education?
Reading, writing, arithmetic, drama, music, physical education, literature, and poetry.
What subjects were emphasized in Spartan education?
Drill, military songs, and tactics.
What was the role of private teachers in Athens?
Private teachers and schools, including Sophists and philosophers, were prominent.
What was the focus of Roman education (750 BC-AD 450)?
To develop a sense of civic responsibility for the republic and empire, and to develop administrative and military skills.
What subjects were included in Roman education?
Reading, writing, arithmetic, Laws of the Twelve Tables, law, and philosophy.
What types of schools existed in Roman education?
Private schools and teachers, as well as schools of rhetoric.
What was the emphasis of education in the Arabic period (AD 700-AD 1350)?
To cultivate religious commitment to Islamic beliefs and develop expertise in mathematics, medicine, and science.
What subjects were taught during the Arabic period?
Reading, writing, mathematics, religious literature, and scientific studies.
What types of educational institutions were present in the Arabic period?
Mosques and court schools.
What was the focus of education during the Medieval period (AD 500-AD 1400)?
To develop religious commitment, knowledge, and ritual, and to re-establish social order.
What subjects were included in Medieval education?
Reading, writing, arithmetic, liberal arts, philosophy, theology, crafts, military tactics, and chivalry.
What types of schools existed in the Medieval period?
Parish, chantry, and cathedral schools; universities; and apprenticeship.
What was the significance of the university in Medieval education?
Establishing the structure, content, and organization of the university as a major institution of higher education.
What was the focus of education during the Renaissance (AD 1350-AD 1500)?
To cultivate a humanist who was expert in the classics Greek and Latin, and to prepare courtiers for service to dynastic leaders.
What subjects were emphasized during the Renaissance?
Latin, Greek, classical literature, poetry, and art.
What types of schools were prominent during the Renaissance?
Classical humanist educators and schools such as lycee, gymnasium, and Latin grammar school.
What was the focus of education during the Reformation (AD 1500-AD 1600)?
To cultivate a sense of commitment to a particular religious denomination and to promote general literacy.
What subjects were taught during the Reformation?
Reading, writing, arithmetic, catechism, religious concepts and ritual, Latin, Greek, and theology.
What types of schools existed during the Reformation?
Vernacular elementary schools for the masses and classical schools for the upper classes.
What was a key outcome of the Reformation in education?
A commitment to universal education to provide literacy to the masses and the origins of school systems with supervision to ensure doctrinal conformity.
