Key People

Question 1

John Winthrop

Answer 1

(Colonial) Leader of Massachusetts Bay Colony

Question 2

Anne Huthinson

Answer 2

(Colonial) Challenged Puritan religious authority in Massachusetts, key figure in religious freedom.

Question 3

Roger Williams

Answer 3

(Colonial) Founded Rhode Island, advocated for separation of church and state.

Question 4

Benjamin Franklin

Answer 4

(Colonial) Inventor, diplomat, and key figure in the American Enlightenment.

Question 5

George Washington

Answer 5

(Revolutionary) Commander of the Continental Army, first U.S. president (1789-1797).

Question 6

Thomas Paine

Answer 6

(Revolutionary) Author of Common Sense, inspired American independence.

Question 7

Thomas Jefferson

Answer 7

(Revolutionary) Author of the Declaration of Independence, third U.S. president (1801-1809).

Question 8

Alexander Hamilton

Answer 8

(Revolutionary) First Secretary of the Treasury, Federalist, established the national bank.

Question 9

James Madison

Answer 9

(Early Republic and Expansion) “Father of the Constitution,” fourth U.S. president (1809-1817).

Question 10

John Adams

Answer 10

(Early Republic and Expansion) Second U.S. president, helped draft the Declaration of Independence.

Question 11

John Marshall

Answer 11

(Early Republic and Expansion) Chief Justice of the Supreme Court, expanded federal power (Marbury v. Madison).

Question 12

Andrew Jackson

Answer 12

(Early Republic and Expansion) Seventh U.S. president (1829-1837), champion of “Jacksonian Democracy,” led the Indian Removal Act.

Question 13

Henry Clay

Answer 13

(Early Republic and Expansion) Known as the “Great Compromiser,” brokered the Missouri Compromise and Compromise of 1850.

Question 14

Frederick Douglass

Answer 14

(Antebellum America & Civil War (1840s–1865)) Formerly enslaved, powerful writer and speaker

Question 15

Harriet Tubman

Answer 15

(Antebellum America & Civil War (1840s–1865)) Underground Railroad

Question 16

Sojourner Truth

Answer 16

(Antebellum America & Civil War (1840s–1865)) Abolitionist and women’s rights advocate, famous for Ain’t I a Woman? speech

Question 17

Harriet Beecher Stowe

Answer 17

(Antebellum America & Civil War (1840s–1865)) Author of Uncle Tom’s Cabin, which exposed the horrors of slavery.

Question 18

John C. Calhoun

Answer 18

(Antebellum America & Civil War (1840s–1865)) Southern politician, defended slavery and states’ rights.

Question 19

Abraham Lincoln

Answer 19

(Antebellum America & Civil War (1840s–1865)) Led the Union during the Civil War, issued the Emancipation Proclamation (1863)

Question 20

Robert E. Lee

Answer 20

(Antebellum America & Civil War (1840s–1865)) Confederate general who surrendered at Appomattox (1865)

Question 21

Jefferson Davis

Answer 21

(Antebellum America & Civil War (1840s–1865)) President of the Confederate States of America (1861-1865).

Question 22

Ulysses S. Grant

Answer 22

(Antebellum America & Civil War (1840s–1865)) Union general, later 18th U.S. president (1869-1877)

Question 23

Andrew Johnson

Answer 23

(Reconstruction & Late 19th Century (1865–1900)) Became president after Lincoln’s assassination, opposed Radical Reconstruction

Question 24

Susan B. Anthony

Answer 24

(Reconstruction & Late 19th Century (1865–1900)) Women’s suffrage leader, co-founded the National Woman Suffrage Association.

Question 25

Elizabeth Cady Stanton

Answer 25

(Reconstruction & Late 19th Century (1865–1900)) Key figure in the women’s rights movement, helped organize the Seneca Falls Convention (1848).

Question 26

Booker T. Washington

Answer 26

(Reconstruction & Late 19th Century (1865–1900)) Advocated for vocational education and gradual equality for African Americans.

Question 27

W.E.B. Du Bois

Answer 27

(Reconstruction & Late 19th Century (1865–1900)) Criticized Washington’s approach, called for immediate civil rights and higher education.

Question 28

Thomas Edison

Answer 28

(Reconstruction & Late 19th Century (1865–1900)) Inventor of the phonograph, electric light bulb, and motion pictures.

Question 29

Andrew Carnegie

Answer 29

(Reconstruction & Late 19th Century (1865–1900)) Steel magnate, led the expansion of the American steel industry.

Question 30

John D. Rockefeller

Answer 30

(Reconstruction & Late 19th Century (1865–1900)) Founder of Standard Oil, controlled much of the U.S. oil industry.

Question 31

J.P. Morgan

Answer 31

(Reconstruction & Late 19th Century (1865–1900)) Powerful banker who influenced finance and industrial consolidation.