Key names for TOM Flashcards
Definition of TOM
Piaget, 1926;1929
TOM and Egocentrism
Piaget, 1929; 1932
Maxi and chocolate - False-belief task
Wimmer and Perner, 1983
Sally-Anne False-belief task
Baron-Cohen, 1985
The Smarties Task
Perner, 1987
Distinguishing mental states in language (reality and belief) - 2 names
Shatz et al, 1983
Wellman and Estes, 1986)
Relationship between seeing and knowing
Lempers et al., 1997
Card with cat and dog study (different perspectives)
Masangkay et al., 1994
Understanding appearance-reality distinction
Flavell et al., 1986
The turtle study
Masangkay et al., 1994
Predicting behaviour
Wellman, 1990
180 studies had consistent results
Wellman, 2001
Understanding others minds is an early achievement
Hughes, 2011
TOM is related to language development
Milligan et al., 2007
Child’s interaction with family members can affect TOM
Taumeopeau and Ruffman, 2006;2008
Mothers that referred to mental states performed better on FBT
Meins et al., 2002
More likely to talk about feelings to siblings and friends of mother’s
Brown et al., 1996
Some 4-year olds and most 5 year olds can apply awareness that people have different contexts
Sullivan et al., 1994
Stated that working out second-belief is a later achievements
Miller, 2012
May take longer for 5 year olds to be aware that the mind is interpretative of reality
Carpendale and Chandler, 1996
Suggested 3 phases of development
Wellman, 1990
Most important aspect of understanding mind is concept of ‘metarepresentation’
Perner, 1991
Metarepresentation in terms of pretend play
Leslie, 1987
Description of autism
Kanner, 1943
Different ways of observing autism
Wing and Gould, 1979
Islets of ability
Frith, 2003
Autism is a group of similar individuals
Evans, 2014
DSM-5
American Psychiatric Association, 2013
TOM and autsim - false-task beliefs and who is it supported by
Baron-Cohen, 1985
Perner et al., 1989
Does this mean autistic children can deceive others?
Sodian and Frith, 1992
Autistic children rarely succeed on second-belief tasks
Baron-Cohen, 1989
Methodological problems - unable to ‘disengage from an object’
Hughs and Russel, 1993
Play and TOM
Sussman, 2012
TOM and language
Astington and Jenkins, 1999
