key info Flashcards
how was france affected by WW1?
factories, bridges, landscape desctruction
article for reparations
article 232 - estimated until 1988 to pay back
navy restrictions
1500 men
1500 officers
eupen and malmedy given to
belgium
north schleswig given to
denmark
dawes plan
1924
signing of TofV
June 1919
men lost by germany in WW1
763000
steel lost by germany as a result of WW1
48%
coal lost by germany as a result of WW1
16%
number of germans displaced
6 million
treaty of neuilly
Nov 1919
Bulgaria
lost land to Yugoslavia, Greece and Romania
£100 million in reps
20000 men ; 4 battleships ; no airforce
treaty of trianon
June 1920
Hungary
Economy collapsed
Lost land to Yugoslavia, Romania and Czechoslovakia
30000 men; 3 patrol boats; no conscription
treaty of st Germain
Sep 1919
Austria
forbidden Anschluss
Lost land to Italy and Romania
30000 men ; no conscription
much of austrias industry given to Czechoslovakia so lost a huge source of income - collapse economically in the 1921
sèvres
Ottoman Empire Split up
Turkey
Aug 1920
50000 men ; 7 sail boats ; 6 torpedo boats
Turkey lost lost most land in Europe
Could no longer have sole control of the Dardanelles
lausanne
Turkey
July 1923
Gained land back from Greece
Control over Dardanelles and Bosporous straits
Reps cancelled
Allied troops withdrawn
lon members
1919 - 42
1934 - 58
After 1926 - G joined but left 1933
ILO
- international labour organisation
- improve working conditions
- 1920s - death rate of workers on Tanganyika railway reduced from 50 % to 4%
- 1919- most members refused to stop children under 14 from working as it was too expensive
Commission for Refugees
- to help people who had lost their homes due to war, by improving refugee camps and helping them to return home or finding new jobs
- helped free 427000 out of 500000 prisoners of war after WW1
- 1930s- failed to help Jews trying to flee N Germany
Health organisation
- sent doctors to help in Turkish refugee camps
- still here today
Economic and financial committee
- to improve living conditions
- sent financial advisors to Austria and Hungary to rebuild their economies when they went bankrupt - 1921
- however were unable to cope with global depression post-1919
Slavery commission
- 1920s - lon sent 200000 slaves from sierra leone
Locarno treaties
1925
G+F relations bettered
Other countries also signed
Allowed G to be in lon
LON NOT INVOLVED - should have been leading the way - important agreement - involved LON’s most powerful members B+F
Kellogg Briand pact
1928
65 countries- B F and USA
Countries agreed war wouldn’t be used to solve disputes between them
LON NOT INVOLVED- place for talk not actual solutions- damaged their reputation
Vilna
1920-21
Capital of Lithuania
Large polish population
Poland invaded and LoN did nothing about it- Poland was a powerful force against G
Corfu
1923
Italy invading Greece as Italian general was murdered there
Greece blamed and asked for compensation and for murderers to be executed
Italy invaded
LON condemned Italy
Italy overruled and complained to conference of ambassadors
G forced to apologise and pay compensation
Aaland Islands
1921
Finland and Sweden
Claimed aaland islands
LON gave to Finland but banned creation of forts
Accepted
Upper Silesia
1921-25
Poland and G - plebiscite
G- 60% and P- 40%
Poland thought it was rigged
LON split land based on votes
G complained P had industrial land
P had 1/2 population but only 1/3 land - was grudgingly accepted
Bulgaria 1925
Greece invaded Bulgaria when Greek soldiers were killed on border
LON forced greece to withdraw and pay compensation
Seemed hypocritical - Mussolini got away with it - more powerful leader
Manchurian crisis
1931
Fertile farmland, industry and natural resources
Feb 1932- most of manchuria under J control
Mar 1932- China turns to LON for help
Apr- LL’s report- published in Oct
Feb 1933- meeting w LON , Japan ordered to withdraw, J leave LON and invasion of Jehol
1937- full scale invasion of China
Japanese silk
Luxury item
GD - didn’t buy luxuries
Families starving so silk industry not doing well
1932- silk was 1/5 of what it had been sold for in 1920s
Production and employment called by 30% in 1931
Abyssinian Crisis
1935-1936
Surrounded by B+F colonies and bordered with Italian colonies (Eritrea and Somaliland)
Easy Invasion- could build from these countries and attack from there
Good grazing land and natural resources
Both LON members
1896- Italians failed to invade Abyssinia- restore national pride
Rebuild Roman empire
Timeline of Abyssinian
Dec 1934 - Italian troops clashed with Abyssinian troops
Jan 1935- Laval and Mussolini- made secret agreements and Laval promised to not interfere w Eritrea or Somaliland and gave Italy land in chad and promised to let Italy deal w Abyssinia as they saw fit
Oct 1935- invasion of Abyssinia and by May 1936- taken the capital
June 1935- HAILE SELASSIE addressed LON
LON condemned and Italy left LON
Italy were advanced and modern and had a large army
League failed in Abyssinia
- didn’t close Suez canal
- Hoare Laval pact of Dec 1935- secret agreements of Abyssinia without consulting either country
- B+F self interest
- trade sanctions didn’t cover oil steel iron or coal
- B+F interested in their own welfare
Nazi-Soviet pact
Aug 1939
Between Hitler and Stalin
Split Poland
Ribbentrop sent to make a deal
Non aggression pact
S would gain territory without having to do anything
To buy time
Couldn’t trust B+F
G wouldn’t have to fight a war on two fronts - wouldn’t have to divide troops
Consequences of N-S pact
- war inevitable
- H knew he could invade Poland without a war on both fronts
- after breaking of Munich agreement and invasion of Czechoslovakia- B+F realised policy of appeasement wasn’t working and vowed to protect Poland
Invasion of Poland
Sep 1939 - fire opened on port of Danzig
Poland ran it - 90% of population was German
War declared
