Key individuals - Koch, Jenner and Pasteur

Question 1

A vaccination is

Answer 1

a method of making people immune to a disease.

Question 2

Smallpox was

Answer 2

a virus which killed 300 million people

Question 3

Who did smallpox effect?

Answer 3

everyone, many were under 10

Question 4

How did smallpox spread?

Answer 4

Poor public health, socialising, coughing, sneezing

Question 5

What was inoculation?

Answer 5

Putting a low dose of a disease into the body to help it fight against a more serious dose of the disease in the future.

Question 6

Advantages of inoculation

Answer 6

It will lead to immunity

Question 7

Disadvantages of inoculation

Answer 7

Could kill you, unreliable, some people refused treatment so it was still being spread

Question 8

Jenner’s Achievements

Answer 8

He invented vaccination
Got vaccination for smallpox compulsory
His book was eventually accepted and read worldwide
He was the first immuniser
His vaccinations were being used around the world
He opened a vaccination clinic in London

Question 9

Jenner’s opposition?

Answer 9

People thought it was impossible for cowpox to protect humans from smallpox.
Doctors who were making money out of inoculation,
Churches, Publishers, Local people didn’t like the thought of new ideas.

Question 10

Factors that helped Jenner

Answer 10

GOVERNMENT, KNOWLEDGE, GEOGRAPHY
He was inoculated from smallpox
Support from influential people
He lived in the countryside

Question 11

Factors that hindered Jenner

Answer 11

RELIGION, LACK OF KNOWLEDGE, ECONOMY
He faced hostility from other doctors
Some people viewed vaccination as dangerous
Vaccinations were expensive so people didn’t want them

Question 12

Who was Edward Jenner?

Answer 12

He noted the common observation that milkmaids were generally immune to smallpox, he realised that the pus in the blisters that milkmaids received from cowpox (a disease similar to smallpox) protected them from smallpox..

Question 13

Who was Louis Pasteur?

Answer 13

He developed GERM THEORY and explained the link between germs and diseases

Question 14

What did Louis Pasteur achieve?

Answer 14

He was the first to discover that microorganisms existed. He developed vaccines to prevent chicken pox, cholera, anthrax and rabies.

Question 15

What was Germ Theory?

Answer 15

The theory that explains microorganisms are everywhere and they cause disease and decay.

Question 16

Factors that helped Louis Pasteur

Answer 16

TECHNOLOGY, THINKING, CHANCE
Improved microscopes
He became interested in microorganisms
Had an opportunity to put his theory to the test

Question 17

How did Louis Pasteur develop Germ Theory?

Answer 17

1. STUDIED MATTER UNDER MICROSCOPES where he found tiny organisms which he called animalcules.
2. He FOUND THEM food, water droplets, human excreta and animal intestines.
3. He ASKED A BREWING COMPANY to find out why their alcohol was going bad, he discovered that a microorganism was developing in the liquid
4. Created a theory that said the cause of the mouldy alcohol was because of MICROORGANISM GROWTH
5. Proved it in a series of EXPERIMENTS
6. LINKED disease to decay