Key Individuals (Industrial) Flashcards
Who was Elizabeth Garret Anderson?
First woman doctor in Britain
Why was Anderson important?
- First woman to qualify as a doctor in Britain (1865)
- Started the New Hospital for Women in London
- Women allowed in medicine from 1876
Factors in Anderson’s success
QUALIFIED THROUGH SOCIETY OF APOTHECARIES
OTHER COUNTRIES: was inspired by first American female doctor Elizabeth Blackwell, learnt French so she could study in Paris where it was allowed
GOVERNMENT EVENTUALLY PASSES LAW ALLOWING WOMEN TO STUDY MEDICINE
Problems with Anderson
Was a woman in a very sexist, male dominated world
Who was Joseph Bazalgette?
Chief Engineer in London
Why was Bazalgette important?
-Designed and supervised a new sewage system (1856-66) that carried waste to treatment plants
Factors in Bazalgette’s success
GOVERNMENT: Appointed and supported the development of a sewer system after Cholera outbreak kills 10,000 (1853/4) and the ‘Great Stink’ (1858)
TECHNOLOGY: Sewage processing plants
Problems with Bazalgette
Dealing with sewage made him ill, but he got better
Who was Edward Jenner?
Country doctor
Why was Jenner important?
- Experimented with Cowpox disease, worked out it could be used to stop the deadly Smallpox illness
- His idea of vaccination agains Smallpox became popular
Factors in Jenner’s success
BETTER EDUCATION FOR DOCTORS: scientific and anatomical training was necessary to qualify
KNOWLEDGE OF TRADITIONAL TREATMENTS: tried to work out how he could extend the idea
WILLINGNESS TO EXPERIMENT AND RECORD HIS FINDINGS SCIENTIFICALLY
Problems with Jenner
Resistance to his ideas from others. Lack of government interest in compulsory vaccinations
Who was Edwin Chadwick?
Public Health Report writer
Why was Chadwick important?
- Reported on the living effects of poverty and poor living conditions on health
- Recommended Public Health Reform (1847) => led to a Public Health Act 1848
Factors in Chadwick’s success
GOVERNMENT: gave Chadwick the job of investigating and eventually introduced his recommendations
Problems with Chadwick
1848 Act was mainly voluntary and many towns ignored it. Some changes were later reversed
Who was John Snow?
London Doctor
Why was Snow important?
- Established link between dirty water and Cholera (1854)
- Had Broad street pump causing deaths removed
- Worked out safe doses of anaesthetics
- Developed idea of plotting outbreaks of disease on a map so patterns could be seen: helped the study of epidemics
Factors in Snow’s success
RESPECT: treated Queen Victoria with Chloroform so was respected as a doctor
PUBLISHED HIS FINDINGS
Problems with Snow
He couldn’t prove why the illness spread and it didn’t lead to better water generally
Who was Florence Nightingale?
Nurse
Why was Nightingale important?
- Professionalised nursing
- Improved conditions in hospitals, first in Crimean War then UK
- Started a nurses training school and wrote ‘Notes on Nursing’, both 1860
Factors in Nightingale’s success
RELIGION: felt that God had called her to work
GOVERNMENT: asked her to go to Scutari and supported her efforts for change
WAR: Crimean War success made her famous and allowed her ideas to spread
Problems with Nightingale
Spent the second half of her life as an invalid and directed things from her bedroom
