Key individuals, Acts and inventions

Question 1

Girolamo Fracastoro - 1500s

Answer 1

• Theory of Contagion - 1546

Question 2

Thomas Sydenham - 1600s

Answer 2

• Observationes Medicae - 1676
• Disease came in families
• Disease attacked the body

Question 3

Printing Press - Renaissance period

Answer 3

• New ideas could be widely circulated
• It was made in medieval times but was commonly used during the renaissance period

Question 4

Royal Society - 1600s

Answer 4

• Set up in 1660
• Motto - “Take nobody’s word for it”
• They spread new discoveries by bringing together lots of scientists

Question 5

Andreas Vesalius - 1500s

Answer 5

• Published “The Fabric of the Human Body” in 1543
• Discovered the correct structure of muscles, ligaments, and bones in the human body
• Corrected Galen’s mistakes

Question 6

William Harvey - 1600s

Answer 6

• Discovered that blood circulated around the body - (1618/1619)

Question 7

Louis Pasteur - 1800s

Answer 7

• Discovered Germ Theory (1861), disproving Spontaneous generation
• Bacteria was the cause of rotting

Question 8

Robert Koch - 1800s

Answer 8

• Linked certain bacteria with diseases like Tuberculosis (1882) and cholera (1883)

Question 9

Florence Nightingale - 1800s

Answer 9

• Set a new standard for hospital care
• Set up hospitals during the Crimean War -1854
• Notes on nursing - 1859
• The Nightingale School for Nursing - 1860
• mortality rates dropped from 40% to 2%
• Developed pavilion plan hospitals

Question 10

Robert Liston - 1800s

Answer 10

• Famous for his speed surgery (1837)
• No anesthetics so surgery had to be done quickly
• Patients were scared and experienced immense pain

Question 11

James simpson - 1800s

Answer 11

• Used chloroform (1847)
• Patients were more willing to do surgery as they would not feel as much pain

Question 12

John Snow - 1800s

Answer 12

• Linked cholera cases to certain water pumps (1854)
• Got the local councils to stop water usage from those pumps
• Created an inhaler for chloroform to limit the intake

Question 13

Joseph Lister - 1800s

Answer 13

• Used carbolic acid (1865) to clean wounds
• Carbolic acid was previously used to clean sewers

Question 14

Edward Jenner - 1700/1800

Answer 14

• Developed vaccine for smallpox (1796) by linking it to cowpox that milkmaids got
• Injected some cowpox into a child names James Phipps - the child became immune to smallpox

Question 15

Rosalind Franklin - 1900s

Answer 15

• Discovered DNA in 1953 through the use of microscopes

Question 16

Alexander Fleming - 1900s

Answer 16

• Discovered the mould that killed the germ staphylococcus, when he accidentally left a pei dish open with the bacteria in - This mould is called penicillin (1928)

Question 17

Florey and Chain - 1900s

Answer 17

• They took Fleming’s research and investigated even further
• Made it safe for use as medicine
• Had to be used in large quantities to work

Question 18

Paul Ehrlich

Answer 18

• Discovered Salvarsan 606 (1909)
• His assistant found it on the 606th attempt