Key Individuals Flashcards
Who was E. Chadwick?
What report did he write which highlighted links between poverty & disease?
What did he advocate for & what did he influence?
A social reformer, who investigated living conditions in Britain.
The Sanitary Conditions of the Labouring Population (1842)
He advocated for improved drainage, clean water & sewage systems.
Who was considered the ‘father of epidemiology’?
What did they do & what did this work lead to?
John Snow
In 1852, he proved that contaminated water was spreading cholera (not miasma) by removing the handle of Broad Street pump.
His work led to a better understanding of waterborne diseases & sanitation improvements.
What did E. Jenner discover?
What did his experiments lead to?
What was the impact of his work?
A way to prevent smallpox.
His experiments in the 1790s led to the world’s first vaccine.
In 1853, vaccination against smallpox was made compulsory but his work did face resistance.
Who designed the modern sewer system in the 1860s?
What was it prompted by?
What did it do?
Joseph Bazalgette
His work was promoted by the Great Stink of 1858.
It helped to dramatically reduce cholera outbreaks & improve sanitation.
What did S.Rowntree do?
What did the reports show?
What categories did he create?
What did his work influence?
He carried out detailed studies of poverty in York in the 19th & early 20th c.
Poverty wasn’t always caused by laziness, but my factors beyond people’s control.
Primary and secondary categories of
poverty.
His work influenced early welfare reforms.
Who was William Lever?
What did he provide?
What did his company become famous for?
A businessman & philanthropist who built a model village for his workers.
He provided decent housing, schools & green spaces to improve quality of life.
His company became famous for making soap.
What wealthy American banker provided affordable, quality housing for working class Londoners?
What is significant about his work?
G. Peabody
His work is significant because his foundation still exists today, continuing to provide social housing.
Who was Octavia Hill?
What did she campaign for?
What did she believe in?
She was a social reformer and founder of the National Trust and the Charity Organisation Society.
She campaigned for better housing & slum clearance.
She believed in the importance of personal responsibility but also that people needed support to escape poverty.
Who documented poverty in London & wrote Life and Labour of the People in London?
What did their work show?
Charles Booth
His work showed up to 30% of Londoners lived in poverty at the end of the 19th c.
He argued poverty was usually caused by low wages & insecure work rather than laziness.
What scientist developed germ theory?
What did their work help prove?
What else did he develop?
Louis Pasteur
His worked helped to prove microbes caused illness, leading to advancements in vaccines & sterilisation.
Vaccines for rabies & anthrax.
What philosopher & which of his idea influenced public health reforms & early welfare policies?
Jeremy Bentham’s Utilitarianism.
