Key Individuals Flashcards
Who was Dwight Eisenhower?
34th President of the United States from 1953 to 1961
Firm believer in ‘Dynamic Conservatism’ policy
Who was Richard Nixon?
Eisenhower’s vice-president from 1953 to 1961
Delivered the infamous ‘Checkers’ speech (1952)
Who was Bernard Montgomery?
Britain’s Field Marshal during WWII
Stated that Eisenhower ‘drew the hearts of men towards him’ + ‘Merely has to smile, and you trust him at once.’ (Highlights his charisma and popularity)
Who was Adlai Stevenson?
Eisenhower’s democratic opposition in the 1952 election
Won 45% of the votes
Target of McCarthy’s ‘lavender/red scare’
Stated how he ‘gladly accept’ his defeat to Eisenhower
Who was John Sparkman?
Stevenson’s running mate in 1952 election
Caused controversy (and ultimately contributed to Democratic loss of election) upon his announcement due to his stance on civils rights + watering down previous rulings
Who was Robert Taft?
Who was William Knowland?
Who was Helen Gahagan Douglas?
Who was John Foster Dulles?
Who was Oveta Culp Hobby?
Headed The Department of Health, Education and Welfare (HEW)
2nd woman to hold a cabinet post
Oversaw the 1955 polio vaccine in response to the 1952 polio epidemic
Who was Joseph McCarthy?
Who was Roy Cohn?
Who was Joseph Welch?
Who were the Levitt Brothers?
Who was David Potter?
Yale University Historian
1954 - claimed that advertising was as socially influential as education + religion due to it’s domination of media and social control
Who was Vance Packard?
Wrote ‘The Hidden Persuaders’ (1957)
Described how advertisements psychologically manipulated consumers
Who was Michael Harrington?
Wrote ‘The Other America’ (1962)
Exposed the ‘invisible poverty’ prevalent in the Consumer Society
Who was Ray Kroc?
An American businessman who profited during the Consumer Society
Notable for buying McDonalds and expanding it (1961)
Who was Lucille Ball?
An American actress who profited during the Consumer Society for her famous roles in movies
Who was Sam Walton?
An American businessman who profited during the Consumer Society
Notable for establishing Walmart (1962) but during the 1950s he owned a chain of Ben Franklin stores - profiting immensely from them
Who was Oliver Brown?
Church minister in Kansas
His daughter, Linda Brown, was unable to go to an all-whites school 5 blocks away - had to trek to one 20 blocks away
Challenged school segregation in the law courts (Brown v. Board)
Who was Earl Warren?
Liberal Chief Justice of the Supreme Court after Fred Vinson
In charge of the Japanese Internment camps in California during WWII
Ignored Eisenhower’s objection to Brown v. Board - singlehandedly convinced all associate judges to be in favour of the ruling
Who was Thurgood Marshall?
NAACP Lawyer
Won 29 out of 32 cases he took on
Renowned for his success at Brown v. Board (1954)
Who was Fred Vinson?
Chief Justice of the Supreme Court before Earl Warren
Staunch supporter of Plessy v. Ferguson ‘separate but equal’ rulings
His death in Sept 1953 meant that the Brown v. Board ruling was able to pushed through easier
Who was Stanley Forman Reed?
Associate Justice during the Brown v. Board ruling
Wasn’t convinced to join the unanimous vote by Warren - rather fearful of his dissent causing resistance to the Court
His eventual joining of the majority vote meant Brown v. Board had an unanimous vote for in the Supreme Court
Who was Allan Shivers?
Governor of Texas
Example of Southern resistance to desegregation
1956 - Sent law enforcement officers to defy a court order on desegregation and said ‘I defy the federal government.’
Who was Emmett Till?
Who was Rosa Parks?
Who was Mami Till?
Who was Autherine Lucy?
1955 - Took the University of Alabama to a federal court in order to obtain admission as its first black student
1956 - Expelled from the university 2 days in due to the ‘mob violence’ she brought with her despite the federal court’s order the year prior
Who was Martin Luther King Jr.?
Who was Claudette Colvin?
Who was Elizabeth Eckford?
Who was Arthur Larsen?
Eisenhower’s speechwriter
Notable for his quote that the ‘inescapable conclusion… [that Eisenhower] was neither emotionally nor intellectually in favour of combating segregation’
Who was Carolyn Bryant?
Wife of Roy Bryant
Accused Emmett Till of making some sort of move towards her while she served him at the grocery store
This accusation later led to his murder
Who were Roy Bryant and J.W. Milam
The murderers of Emmett Till
After the trial, deemed not guilty and due to double jeopardy - boasted their crimes publicly
Who was James Blake?
Bus driver in Montgomery
Known for being the man who got Rosa Parks arrested despite her being in the ‘colored rows’
