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Ancient History > Key Individuals > Flashcards

Key Individuals Flashcards

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1
Q

Who was Herodotus?

A
  • A Greek historian from Hallicarnassus
  • Wrote “The Histories” in 440-20BCE
  • Main source of ancient history within Greece
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2
Q

How did Herodotus get his information?

A
  • Oral retellings from descendants or possible survivours
  • Visited a lot of archaeological sites
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3
Q

What were the downsides of using Herodotus as a source?

A

Known to exaggerate certain events
Does not credit his sources
Faulty memory
Not a tactician - wrote about battles

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4
Q

What were the positives of using Herodotus as a source?

A

First-hand experience
Generally reliable on principle events
Background in Persian history and culture

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5
Q

Who was Aristogoras?

A

Tyrant of Miletus
Kickstarted the Ionian Revolt in 499 BCE

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6
Q

Who was Artaphernes?

A

Satrap of Sardis
Brother to Darius the First

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7
Q

Who was Darius the First?

A

The Persian King from 522 BCE to 486 BCE
Ordered the expeditions of 492/490
Particularly vengeful towards Athens and Eretria due to their involvement in Ionian Revolt

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8
Q

Who was Mardonius?

A

Persian General in charge of the 492 BCE expedition to invade Greece (relived of duty afterwards)
Darius’ son-in-law
Biggest advocate for invading Greece during Persian court
Was also in charge of the Persian army in the Battle of Platea in 479 BCE and was killed

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9
Q

Who was Datis?

A

Persian General in charge of the 490 BCE expedition to invade Greece

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10
Q

Who was Militades?

A

Athenian General who had insider knowledge on the tactics of the Persians

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11
Q

Who was Hippias?

A

Former tyrant of Athens
From the Peisistratids family
Assisted in the Persian Invasion of 490 BCE

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12
Q

Who was Pheidippides?

A

Athenian Herald who ran from Marathon to Athens to inform them of the victory at the Battle of Marathon
Also ran to Sparta from Athens in 2 days to request help for Persian Invasion
Inspired the modern Olympic ‘marathon’

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13
Q

Who was Callimachus?

A

Athenian Polemarch
Made the decision to stay at Marathon
Slain in the Battle of Marathon

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14
Q

Who was Leonidas?

A

Spartan King
Supposed ancestry of Heracles
Fought at Thermopylae in 480
Slain at Thermopylae

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15
Q

Who was Xerxes?

A

Persian King from 486 to 465 BCE
Achieved victories at Thermopylae and Artemisium
Fled with his army after Salamis

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16
Q

Who was Megistias?

A

A Seer who warned the Spartans of inevitable defeat at Thermopylae
Portrayed as noble as he did not flee and stayed with the Spartans to die

17
Q

Who was Hydarnes?

A

Persian General in charge of the ‘Immortals’ force within the Persian Army at Thermopylae
Tasked with getting the Persian Army back across the Hellespont after they fled from Salamis

18
Q

Who was Dieneces?

A

Leconic Spartan Warrior
Herodotus’ ‘man of the match’ in Thermopylae
‘We’ll fight them in the shade!’ Quote comes from him

19
Q

Who was Eurytus?

A

Sent to recuperate at Alpeni alongside Aristodemus due to an inflammation in the eyes
Quarreled with Aristodemus about returning to Thermopylae - he was for
His helot led him back into battle and he was valiantly slain while blind

20
Q

Who was Aristodemus?

A

Sent to recuperate at Alpeni alongside Eurytus due to an inflammation in the eyes
Quarreled over returning to Thermopylae - he was against
Labelled as a ‘trembler’ upon returning to Sparta

21
Q

Who was Demaratus?

A

Deposed king of Sparta
Fled to Persia and one of Xerxes’ most respected advisors
Also sent the wax tablet solved by Gorgo to Sparta as a warning or mockery

22
Q

Who was Thermistocles?

A

Athenian General
Convinced the Athenians to use the Laurium silver to build a navy
Interpreted the Delphic Oracle as an Athenian victory at Salamis
Convinced Eurybiades to stay at Salamis and fight in 480 BCE

23
Q

Who was Eurybiades?

A

Spartan General in charge of Greek Navy

24
Q

Who was Mnesiphilus?

A

Athenian who had approached Thermistocles and told him to stay + fight at Salamis because of the terrain
Herodotus emphasises how Thermistocles passes this idea off as his own - possible bias against Thermistocles

25
Q

Who was Artemisia?

A

Queen of Hallicarnassus
Fought alongside Xerxes’ forces in Salamis
Warned Xerxes’ against rushing into battle and to wait for Greek surrender - ignored

26
Q

Who was Adeimantus?

A

Corinthian general
Argued that the Greek forces should retreat to the Isthmus
Attempted to flee at Salamis (possibly feigned retreat)

27
Q

Who was Leotychides?

A

Spartan King during the Battle of Mycale (479 BCE)
Sent a shouter to tell the Ionians on the Persian side to betray them

Ancient History (5 decks)

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