Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Psychology of everyday life > Key Ideas > Flashcards

Key Ideas Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
Psychology 101 flashcards GRE® Psychology flashcards AP® Psychology flashcards
1
Q

What are the four whys?

A

Proximate
Phylogenic
Ontogenetic
Functional

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is proximate?

A

What? Mechanisms, hormones, nerve systems and triggers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is phylogenic?

A

When? Evolutionary history

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is ontogenetic?

A

How? Nature Vs nurture development

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is functional?

A

Why? Ultimate reasons, evolutionary fitness

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is homology?

A

Similarity due to being related, the have a common ancestor.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is analogy?

A

Similarities in function, they do not have a common ancestor.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is genotype?

A

Making proteins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is phenotype?

A

Physical appearance and behaviour

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is adaptation?

A

A trait that gives higher fitness to an individual than a trait existing alternatively in population.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is natural selection

A

Individuals differ in their traits and differences correlate within differences in population.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

How might new species evolve?

A

Individuals have different traits within a population. A specific trait could link to higher fitness in individuals. Some traits will spread within a population by naturally occurring selection.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

3 sets of primate characteristics are:

A

1) adaption for life on trees
2) reproductive specialism
3) complex visual

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is Wayne Edwards theory on Natural selection in groups?

A

Animal dispersion is linked to social behaviour, animals modify behaviour for good of the group.

  • population density
  • competition for resources
  • altruism
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is George Williams theory for natural selection for individuals?

A

Adaption and natural selection, if a selfish individual takes more than his share of resources they will outcompete the group and produce more selfish offspring and the group will become selfish.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is Lamarkism?

A

Acquired characteristics that are passed on to off Spring

17
Q

What are the 3 sources of variation in animals?

A

Recombination

The central dogma/coding of genetics

Variation not subject to evolution (increase in height due to better diet)

18
Q

Describe fitness in relation to inheritance

A

Survival of the fittest

Choices of selection

Consistency of survival and reproduction

Fitness variants preserved through time (morphology/shape and behaviour)

19
Q

Describe adaption in relation to inheritance

A

Process where organisations improve fitness

Refutes to trait that improves fitness

Natural selection

20
Q

State 4 types of evidence for evolution:

A

Fossils

Comparison of organisms

Geographical distribution of life

Modern observed values

21
Q

How do species differ?

A

Series of traits - individuals of the same species produce offspring who must be able to produce fertile offspring

22
Q

What is Imprinting?

A

Special kind of learning

Irreversible

Characterised by sensitive period

Imprinting is innate but object of imprinting is not

23
Q

Why do animals cooperate?

A

Relatedness may be key to cooperation, the more related they are to the animals and the closer they are the more likely an animal is to cooperate

24
Q

What is polyandry and what are the benefits?

A

2 males share a female, if brothers they can benefit and they will produce more of the same genetics.

25
Q

What is kin selection?

A

Relatedness is the probability that individuals share a range of genes that are identical by decent.

Benefits genes that are identical by decent over those that are now

26
Q

What is the prisoners dilemma?

A

Cooperation between non related animals, it has a better pay of to deflect and be selfish.

Competition can be favoured if the dilemma occurred more that once and they will replay one another’s Alturism (tit for tat)

27
Q

What are the four evolutionary of ethics?

A

Nice

Retaliatory

Forgiveness

Non envious

28
Q

What is the red queen theory?

A

Recombination increases the speed in which species can evolve

Sexual recombination may provide a defence against rapidly evolving pathogens

29
Q

What is the evolution of anisogamy?

A

Males - microgamates, can produce more but just deliver DNA and so many have high fitness

Females - macrogamates, large and lots of energy so high fitness

30
Q

Why are females still choosy when they don’t get direct benefits from mate?

A

Good genetics, might show good at foraging food or be strong

31
Q

What is the handycap principle?

A

Only the males of good enough condition with good genes can afford the cost of the desired trait so is an honest representation of best male

32
Q

What is Fisher’s runaway?

Sexual selection mechanism

A

Variations on females preferences to males traits, sons of females inherit traits and daughters inherit preference.

Wh long tail on birds

33
Q

What is the good genes theory?

A

Females choose mates due to having good genes even though they don’t seem to gain anything from it.

Eg: Colourant in fish show they’re good at foregoing food

34
Q

What is sensory exploitation?

A

Pre-existing female choice
Males exploit female preferences

Eg sword in fish

35
Q

What is introspection

A

Consciousness

What mental processes occurs while doing a task

36
Q

How do females benefit from polygyny? (Many female mates)

A

Female defence - males live with females and defend them from other males

Resource defence - males defend territory

Scramble competition - males mate with as many females as possible and don’t worry about being territorial

Lek polygyny - males display, females gather round and choose males, females very picky

37
Q

What are the difference between the ‘hotspot’ and ‘hotshot’ hypothesis?

A

Hotspot - appealing geographical location to females, so males gather there

Hotshot - particular male females prefer so other males gather around him

Female preference hypotheses - females are attracted to larger leks more choice so better mate

38
Q

What is the terminology?

  • gamy
  • gyny
  • andry
  • mono
  • poly
A
  • gamy = #of partners
  • gyny = females
  • andry = males
  • mono = one
  • poly = many
39
Q

Why have monogamy?

A
  • mate guarding: prevents sperm competition
  • female enforced monogamy: females prevent males.Female birds show aggression to other birds
  • male assistance: some males carry eggs so their reproductive rate is lower in seahorse, some animals require high levels of parental care

Psychology of everyday life (2 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions