Key Groups Flashcards
Which group came about in 1911?
Society of American Indians (SAI)
What did the SAI do?
Indian Citizenship Act
When did the SAI operate?
1911 - 1923
What did the SAI aim to do?
Pursued supported tribes and individuals in applying to the US Court of Claims.
Which group came about in 1923?
American Indian Defence Association (AIDA)
Who set up AIDA?
A group of writers and anthropologists
What was the aim of AIDA?
Campaign for laws protecting the rights of Indians to their lands, their beliefs, culture, traditions and arts and crafts.
Who was the executive secretary of AIDA?
John Collier
What was Aida successful in?
Aida was successful in blocking the Leavitt Bill.
Which group came about in 1944?
National Congress of American Indians (NCIA)
What was so significant about the NCIA?
They were the first group of Native Americans to join together to form a protest movement
What did the NCIA aim to do?
Aimed to involve ordinary Native Americans in the struggle to stop reservations and integrate NA into society so they were no longer funded by the taxpayer.
What did the NCIA do?
Fought legal battles over discrimination and pressured the federal government for the Indian Claims Commission.
What did NCIA obtain?
Pledge from JFK to develop human and natural resources of reservations (however this was not fulfilled by his assassination.)
Which group came about in 1961?
National Indian Youth Council (NIYC)
Who established the NIYC?
Educated Native Americans who were in college or recently graduated
What were the aims of the NIYC?
Protect Native American fishing rights in the north-west of the country.
What was the protests tactic of the NIYC?
Fish-ins
Was the NIYC successful?
Somewhat - but slow progress
What did the NIYC file lawsuits to do?
protect Indian land from ineral exploitation
What group came about in 1968?
American Indian Movement (AIM)
Why were AIM established?
Response to the slow progress of other organisations
Who were the most militants Native American orgainisation?
AIM
What did AIM do?
Took up issues of racial discrimination against Native American youths
What do some people argue about AIM?
Their militants methods were counterproductive and went against Native American principles
What was most recognisable about AIM?
Wore red berets and jackets. Monitored police activity.
What happened after AIM started monitoring police activity?
Decline in arrest/imprisonment of young offenders.
What group came about in 1970?
Native American Rights Fund (NARF)
Why was NARF founded?
To defend the rights of Native Americans.
Preserve tribal culture and way of life.
(In particular, rights to hunt and fish)
What did NARF want?
Reinstate tribal sovereignty
What did NARF fight for?
The right to vote in those states where registration was restricted
