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truman > key flashcards > Flashcards

key flashcards

1
Q

why did roosevelt increase presidential power

A
  • to get country out of great depression
  • to lead country in ww2 - country in state of emergency
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2
Q

two reasons why usa was richest nation in 1945

A
  • rich in natural rescources such as coal and iron
  • economic boom as factories worked to produce war material
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3
Q

how much of the world income did usa have in 1949

A

42%

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4
Q

why had the war decreased regionalism in usa

A
  • 10% had left for training camps - most served overseas
  • 13% had changed country of residence
  • 8 mil located to diff state
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5
Q

where was mass migration from

A

agricultural south to industrial north

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6
Q

what are the two types of segreation

A

de jure
de facto

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7
Q

what demonstrated tensions between rich and poor in 1946

A

when 4.6 milion workers went on strike

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8
Q

what increased social mobility (when was this passed)

A

GI bill of rights passed in 1944 by congress

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9
Q

what did GI bill of rights offer

A

aid to returning military personnel through free vocational training and higher education
low interest loans for home buying and new businesses

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10
Q

impact pf GI bill of rights (3)

A
  • number of college education grew so greater economic opportunities
  • more homeowners
  • american dream belief confirmed
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11
Q

when did truman become president

month and year

A

April 1945

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12
Q

when did ww2 end

year+month

A

sept 1945

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13
Q

why was truman at a disadvantage as president

A
  • was excluded by FDR from military and fp discussions
  • had a more combative personality
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14
Q

what was trumans most pressing foriegn policy issue when he became president

A

USSR - uneasy relationship - first communist state
- were allies in ww2 but still tense
- diff rules in their liberated countries from nazi rule

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15
Q

what were the issues and tensions in poland

A

british and usa wanted free elections in poland wheras stalin ensured they had a communist govt

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16
Q

apart from poland, what was ‘the elephant in the room’ in discussions with russia

A

development of atomic bomb that ussr knew about from spies

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17
Q

when was potsdam conference

month + year

A

july 1945

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18
Q

what was discussed at potsdam conferece

A

germany to be divided into 4 zones (usa, british, soviet and french)

berlin in soviet soviet zone but western half of city under control of other 3

– still disagreed over polands political system and us atomic bomb was tested at this time

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19
Q

what did stalin recognise had changed world balance of power, soviet need to defeat japan, and also increased tensions and hostility

A

atomic bomb

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20
Q

why were no post war treaties made despite council of foriegn ministers meeting throughout 1945-7

A

developing cold war between usa and ussr

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21
Q

in 1946 what 3 landmarks signalled development of cold war

A
  • stalin speech on inevitable communist capitalist conflict
  • disagreements ovet germany because soviets made their zones communist (democracy in 3 others)
  • truman gave sympathetic hearing to george kennans long telegram speech
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22
Q

what was the long telegram speech

when, who, what

A

1946 george kennan
urged us containment of soviet expanisonism

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23
Q

how much aid did truman request in 1947 to prevent communist expansion in greece and turkey

A

400 million

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24
Q

why was the truman doctrine significant (4)

A
  • virtual declaration of cold war
  • very little american criticism
  • demonstrated gaining american support often required excessive simplicity in us foriegn policy
  • affected and dominated us foriegn policy for 50 years
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25
Q

how much aid was given under the marshall plan in 1947

A

13 billion

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26
Q

what type of countries did the marshall plan aid target

A

important trading partners and potential allies in western europe

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27
Q

when was berlin blockade (month and year)

A

june 1948

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28
Q

when did the berlin blockade start and when did stalin concede

A

june 1948
may 1949

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29
Q

when did china become a communist nation

A

autumn 1949

30
Q

who was communist leader of china

A

mao zedong

31
Q

who was Mao’s opponent that truman did not give sufficient aid to

A

nationalist Chiang Kai-Shek

32
Q

who did he give aid to in 1950

A

gave french financial aid against communist nationalist insurgents in vietnam colony

33
Q

why did truman feel he had to contrain korea (4)

A
  • events in 1948-50 suggested communism was expansionist
  • Korea was close to Japan
  • american public was anxious about national safety due to spy scandals
  • already accused of losing china + forthcoming ccongressional elections
34
Q

length of korean war

A

from june 1950 - july 1953

35
Q

how long was truman president

A

1945-53

36
Q

trumans attempt to reunify the korean peninsula failed when

A

china intervened to protect north korea

37
Q

how many demobilised veterans returned

A

12 million

38
Q

result of demobilisation

A
  • factories switched to consumer goods to meet demand
  • gi bill of rights
  • post war baby boom - increased demand for homes and goods
39
Q

why was there inflation in 1945 (3)

A
  • consumer good shortages
  • fed govt budget deficits
  • weakened office of price administration
40
Q

what did inflation hit by 1945-6

A

25%

41
Q

when was taft hartley act passed

A

1947

42
Q

what did truman threaten striking railroad workers with

A

conscirption - success

43
Q

aim of taft hartley act

A

decrease union power

44
Q

due to taft hartley act, what could the president order

A

80 day cooling off period before strikes

45
Q

what did truman do with strikers in 1952 that accused him of exceeding executive authority

A

seizing control of steel mills (was legal) because their strie jepordized munitions production during korean war

46
Q

how many congressional bills did he veto

A

250

47
Q

what reforming legislation did he want (4)

A
  • free healthcare
  • full employment
  • education
  • civil rights
48
Q

why were relations with congress poor (5)

A
  • felt he had too much power (roosevelt)
  • tired of new deal style policies
  • republicans in congress for first time since 1928
  • truman criticised by lib dems for lack of reform passed
  • too liberal
49
Q

how many federally subsidised houses did housing act promise, how many were made

A

810,000 vs 156,000

50
Q

when was the housing act

A

1949

51
Q

what was minimum wage raised to in 1950

A

$0.75

52
Q

when was HUAC set up - what was its aim

A

1930s to investiagte ideological threats

53
Q

what did truman do to HUAC in 1945

A
  • made it permanent
  • increased its power
54
Q

what is an example of HUAC pursuing communists in the entertainment industy

A

Hollywood 10

55
Q

where did Alger Hiss work

A

state department

56
Q

how did truman exacerbate the red scare (3)

A
  • truman doctrine speech
  • investigation into loyalty of federal employees in 1947
  • justice dept and J edgar hoover to investigate hundreds of thousands of suspected communists
57
Q

when did Mcarrthy give his speech about communists in state dept

A

feb 1950

58
Q

what soviet activity helped mcarthy have such an impact (2)

A
  • soviet bomb test
  • high profile spy scandals that were communicating to soviets (rosenburg)
59
Q

why did repubs support mcacrthy

A
  • accusing democrats of laxity/failure was a vote winner
60
Q

mccarthysim destoryed a politician with a fake photograph showing…

A

Millard Tydings with communist party leader Browder (cost him re election)

61
Q

ww2 impact on black americans (3)

A
  • migrated to north for freedom from de jure segregation
  • black veterans had opportunities thru GI bill of rights
  • greater black consciousness due to close proximity led to increased black activism
62
Q

how much did NAACP grow during ww2

A

50,000 to 450,000

63
Q

NAACP stands for

A

national advancement of coloured people

64
Q

who estb CORE

A

james farmer

65
Q

what was the ‘seperate but equal’ ruling passed in 1896

A

plessy v ferguson

66
Q

in 1950 NAACP won supreme court victories against

A

segregation on railroad dining cars and univiersities

67
Q

how did truman attempt to help civil rights

A

repeatedly and unsuccessfully requested civil rights legislation from congress

68
Q

truman established the liberal committee on civil rights - what did this do

A

called for federal gov to end segreagation, lynching, poll tax and monitor civil rights

69
Q

what executive orders in 1948 did truman issue (civil rights)

A
  • end discrimination in armed forces and guarantee fair empolyment in federal bureaucracy
70
Q

how many states had legislation against forms of racial discrimination by 1952

A

19

71
Q

what helped black americans through rulings that eroded constitutional foundations of jim crow

A

supreme court

truman (2 decks)

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