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Y1-History 2 > KEY FIGURES > Flashcards

KEY FIGURES Flashcards

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1
Q

Friedrich Ebert

A
  • Leader of SPD
  • First Chancellor of in Weimar Republic 9th Nov 1918
  • First President of WR 11 Feb 1919
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2
Q

General Groener

A
  • Successor of Ludendorff as Quartermaster General

- Involved in Ebert Groener Pact in 10 Nov 1918

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3
Q

Philip Schiedemann

A
  • Second leader of SPD
  • Declared Germany a republic on 9th Nov 1918
  • Chancellor of first coalition gov in Feb 11th 1919
  • Resigned in June 1919 in protest against harsh terms of TofV
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4
Q

General Hans Von Seeckt

A
  • Army general
  • Became commander of Reichswehr (army) in 1920
  • Instrumental in disbanding Freikorps units
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5
Q

Gustav Bauer

A
  • Member of SPD
  • After Scheidemann resigned in 20 June 1919 Bauer became Chancellor
  • Forced to resign in March 1920 after Kapp Putsch
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6
Q

George Grosz

A
  • Artist influenced by Expressionism
  • Involved in Spartacus rising in 1919 and later joined KPD
  • Left for America shortly before Nazis came to power
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7
Q

Konstantine Fehrenbach

A
  • Chancellor in 1920

- ZP

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8
Q

Joseph Wirth

A
  • Chancellor in 1921

- ZP

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9
Q

Wilhelm Cuno

A
  • No party alliance

- Chancellor

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10
Q

What is the order of the most important Chancellors 1918-1923?

A
  1. Ebert: 1918-19/ SPD
  2. Scheidemann: Feb 1919-June 1919/SPD
  3. Gustav Bauer: June 1919-March 1920/ SPD
  4. Hermann Müller: March 1920-June 1920/ SPD
  5. Konstantin Fehrenbach: June 1920- May 1921/ Centre
  6. Joseph Wirth: May 2021-Nov 1922/ Centre
  7. Wilhelm Cuno: Nov 1922-Aug 1923/ None
  8. Gustav Stresemann: Aug 1923- Nov 1923/ DVP
  9. Wilhelm Marx: Nov 1923- /Centre
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11
Q

List of political parties during the German republic

A

Left:
KPD: German Communist party (Thälmann)
USPD: Independent German Social Democratic Party
SPD: German Social-democratic Party

Centre:
ZP: Centre Party- Protects Catholic interests- democratic constitution (Matthias Erzberger, Heinrich Brüning)
DDP: German Democratic Party- Left-leaning with support from intellectuals and middle class- democratic constitution
(Walther Rathenau)

Right:
DVP: German People’s Party- support of upper and business class- opposed new republic but willing to participate in Gov.
(Gustav Stresemann)
DNVP: German National People’s Party- nationalist conservative party with support from landowners and business- opposed democratic republic
NSDAP: National-Socialist German Workers’ Party- extreme right wing, strongly nationalist and anti-semitic

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12
Q

Karl Liebknecht

A
  • Leader of Spartacus league

- Captured by Freikorps during Spartacus rising of January 1919 and was tortured and shot

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13
Q

Rosa Luxemburg

A
  • Leader of Spartacus League

- During Spartacus Rising of January 1919 she was captured by Freikorps, beaten and shot.

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14
Q

Gustav Noske

A
  • Member of SPD
  • Minister for defence
  • Ordered Freikorps units to be disbanded
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15
Q

General Walter von Luttwitz

A
  • Army general
  • In charge of Freikorps
  • Driving force behind Kapp Putsch
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16
Q

Wolfgang Kapp

A
  • Monarchist
  • DNVP member- politician
  • Attempted Kapp Putsch
17
Q

Hugo Haase

A
  • Formed USPD
18
Q

Matthias Erzberger

A
  • Centre Party leader
  • Led German signing of the armistice and signed Versailles treaty
  • Finance minister
19
Q

Walther Rathenau

A
  • Leader of DDP
  • Foreign minister
  • Recommended fulfilment of TofV
20
Q

Gustav Stresemann

A
  • Leader of DVP party
  • Monarchist
  • Became chancellor of Great Coalition in 1923
  • Introduced new currency and ending of hyperinflation
  • Forced to resign in Nov 1923 but continued as foreign minister
21
Q

Otto von Lossow

A
  • Commander of Reichswehr in Bavaria
  • Conservative
  • Involved in Beer Hall Putsch
22
Q

Gustav Ritter von Kahr

A
  • Right-wing conservative politician
  • State Commissioner of Bavaria
  • Involved in Beer Hall Putsch
23
Q

Hjalmar Schacht

A
  • Director of the National Bank from 1916- Co-founder of the DDP
  • In 1923, he became head of the Reichsbank, and introduced the Rentenmark
  • He then went on to negotiate the Dawes and Young Plan
  • He then became Economics Minister (1934-37) under the Nazis but lost favour and was removed from the Reichsbank in 1939.
24
Q

Charles Dawes

A
  • American banker

- He was jointly awarded a Nobel Peace Prize with Stresemann for his work to solve the reparations issue.

25
Q

Owen D. Young

A
  • Leading businessman

- Helped in the writing of the Dawes Plan in 1924

26
Q

Alfred Hugenberg

A
  • Right-wing DNVP leader who launched a nationwide campaign against the Young Plan, which included Hitler and the Nazis.
27
Q

Theodor Wolff

A
  • Journalist from wealthy Jewish family.
  • Editor of the Berliner Tageblatt
  • Driving force behind the moderate liberal DDP
28
Q

Hermann Müller

A
  • SPD politician
  • Had been Chancellor in 1928
  • One of signatories or TofV
29
Q

Ernst Thälmann

A
  • Chairman of Communist KPD in 1925

- Communist candidate in 1925 presidential elections.

30
Q

Heinrich Brüning

A
  • Leading member of ZP in Reichstag.

- Chancellor in 1930, and became longest continuously serving Chancellor of WR

31
Q

Kurt von Schleicher

A
  • Aristocratic army officer
  • Played a crucial role in the political activities of the army (helped negotiate Ebert-Groener pact)
  • Together with Groener, he was part of Hindenburg’s inner circle of advisers and steered Hindenburg towards imposing a more authoritarian gov.
  • Although not Nazi, thought Nazi support would counterweight support for liberal parties.
  • Largely responsible for bringing down Brüning’s gov.
32
Q

Joseph Goebbels

A
  • Chief propagandist of Nazi movement.
  • Loyal to Hitler since the 1920s
  • Played a key propaganda role in the Nazis rise to power and became Minister of Propaganda in 1933.
33
Q

Franz von Papen

A
  • Former aristocratic army officer
  • Although a ZP member, he was deeply anti-democratic
  • Wanted to reestablish an authoritarian state
  • Chancellor in 1932 but brought down by Schleicher.
  • He then conspired with Hitler and Hindenburg to bring down Schleicher.
  • Returned to power in a coalition with Hitler
34
Q

Gregor Strasser

A
  • Member of Nazi Party from 1921, took part in Beer Hall Putsch.
  • Took a strong-capitalist stance to appeal to working-class voters but was strongly anti-communist and anti-Semitic.
  • Murdered in the Night of the Long Knives
35
Q

Wilhelm Frick

A
  • Interior minister 1933-43

- Joined Nazi Party and elected to the Reichstag in 1924.

36
Q

General Blomberg

A
  • Defence minister of Hitler’s first cabinet.

- Army commander

37
Q

Freiherr von Neurath

A
  • Aristocratic diplomat.
  • Foreign minister in Papen’s 1932 gov.
  • Continued in this post under Hitler until 1938.
  • Dismissed in 1938 when he opposed Hitler’s plans for expansion.
38
Q

Hermann Goering

A
  • Joined Nazi Party in 1922 and took part in the Beer Hall Putsch 1923.
  • 1933 appointed Chancellor and Interior Minister of Prussia.
  • Also became responsible for the rebuilding of the Luftwaffe.
  • As Interior minister of Prussia he established the Gestapo and first concentration camps.
  • 1936 placed in charge of 4 year plan.

Y1-History 2 (15 decks)

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