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Edexcel Geography Tectonics Unit 4 > Key Facts > Flashcards

Key Facts Flashcards

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1
Q

What was the magnitude of the Haiti 2010 and Loma Prieta 1989 earthquakes?

A

6.9 on the richter scale.

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2
Q

How many died in the Loma Prieta earthquake?

A

63.

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3
Q

What proactive steps were taken to ensure not as many people would die in future eruptions in San Francisco?

A

Retrofitting infrastructure in vulnerable areas, such as the Bay Bridge, which cost $16 billion.

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4
Q

What plate boundary type did the Haiti 2010 earthquake and the Loma Prieta 1989 earthquake occur on?

A

Conservative.

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5
Q

What was done to predict the Loma Prieta earthquake?

A

Over 200 accelerometers were placed.

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6
Q

How many emergency services were available during the Haiti eruption?

A

0.

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7
Q

What happened in the Haicheng 1975 eruption?

A

The earthquake was successfully predicted.

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8
Q

How many lives were saved due to the prediction of the Haicheng 1975 earthquake?

A

400,000.

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9
Q

What happened in 1976 around the Haicheng region?

A

200,000 died due to an earthquake not being predicted.

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10
Q

What happened during the Nevada Del Ruiz 1985 earthquake?

A

The town of Armero was destroyed, killing 23,000 out of the 27,000 residents.

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11
Q

What was Colombia’s GDP per capita in 1985?

A

$1,100.

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12
Q

What was the Philippines GDP per capita in 1991?

A

$700.

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13
Q

What occurred a week before the 1985 eruption?

A

The M-19 Siege of the Palace of Justice.

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14
Q

How many Hazard GIS maps were produced during the 1985 eruption? And who by?

A

Only 10 were produced by the USGS.

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15
Q

How many were killed in the Mt Pinatubo eruption in 1991?

A

847.

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16
Q

What kind of people died in the 1991 eruption?

A

Mainly local farmers and members of the Aeta tribe, who weren’t evacuated.

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17
Q

How many people were evacuated from the 1991 eruption?

A

25,000.

18
Q

What precursors were shown beforehand in the 1991 eruption?

A

Small earthquakes, up to 5 on the richter scale. And releases of sulphur dioxide.

19
Q

What happened to Sulphur Dioxide (SO2) levels around Mt Pinatubo?

A

Small bursts were released (up to 5000 tonnes on some days) and 0 tonnes on others.

20
Q

What institutions monitored the Mt Pinatubo?

A

USGS and PHILVOLCS.

21
Q

What is PHILVOLCS?

A

Philippine Institute of Volcanology and Seismology.

22
Q

What was the magnitude of both Tohoku 2011 and the Asian Tsunami 2004?

A

9.0 on the richter scale.

23
Q

How many people were killed during the Tohoku tsunami?

A

15,000.

24
Q

How much of the coastline is defended in Japan?

A

40% of the coastline is defended by a 10m high sea wall.

25
Q

What warning systems are put in place in Japan?

A

TV and Mobile Phone warning systems, giving people 20 minutes to find higher ground.

26
Q

How many people died in the Asian Tsunami 2004?

A

230,000.

27
Q

How many warning systems were in place in the 2004 tsunami?

A

0.

28
Q

How long has Kilauea been erupting for?

A

Since 1890.

29
Q

How many square miles have been erupted at Kilauea?

A

37 square miles.

30
Q

What speed did the lava flow during the Nyiragongo eruption 2002?

A

60mph.

31
Q

How many were evacuated before the Nyiragongo eruption in 2002?

A

400,000.

32
Q

Where did these people evacuate to in 2002?

A

Across the Rwandan border.

33
Q

How many died during the 2002 eruption?

A

147.

34
Q

How many died in the Kobe 1995 earthquake? And why?

A

6000, the earthquake was completely unpredicted.

35
Q

What was Japans GDP in 1995?

A

$5.3 trillion.

36
Q

What percentage of pre-1980 buildings were destroyed or damaged in the 1995 earthquake?

A

75%

37
Q

How did Japan respond to this earthquake in 1995?

A

Banned building for 2 months to renew laws, so buildings could be built to withstand earthquakes.

38
Q

How many houses were built by 1999 with aseismic design?

A

134,000.

39
Q

What magnitude was the Eyjafjallajokull eruption in 2010?

A

4 VEI.

40
Q

What was the global cost of the Eyjafjallajokull eruption in 2010?

A

$2 billion.

Edexcel Geography Tectonics Unit 4 (1 decks)

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