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British Empire > Key Facts > Flashcards

Key Facts Flashcards

1
Q

How many square miles did the British empire reach after WW1?

A

13,000,000 sq miles

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2
Q

How much of the earth’s land surface did the British Empire take up?

A

1/4 of the Earth’s surface

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3
Q

How many subjects did the British Empire reach after WW1?

A

-500 million subjects
-1/5 of the earth’s population

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4
Q

By 1914 how much of British exports went to Britain’s overseas territories?

A

1/3rd

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5
Q

When was Canada granted Dominion status?

A

1867

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6
Q

When was the Cape Colony granted Dominion status?

A

1872

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7
Q

When was Australia granted Dominion status?

A

1901

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8
Q

When did Egypt become a veiled protectorate?

A

1882

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9
Q

What was the purpose of the informal empire e.g Egypt?

A

Establish economic influence
(Access to cheaper raw materials and bigger markets for GB manufactured goods but with no formal control so no cost to the British taxpayer)

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10
Q

Who were crown colonies administered by?

A

Governors
(Chosen by the GB government)

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11
Q

When was the “Colonial office” created?

A

1801

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12
Q

When was the India Office created?

A

-1858
(By the government of India Act 1858)

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13
Q

What was the nickname given to India?

A

“The brightest jewel in the crown”

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14
Q

When was the British East India Company founded ?

A

1600

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15
Q

In the early 1700s the East India Company established costal settlements in what areas?

A

-Bombay
-Madras
-Calcutta

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16
Q

During the 1800-1850s what evidence is there in India of growing British influence?

A

-Outlawing of Sati
(The burning of widows on their husbands funeral pyres)
-Introduction of English style education system

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17
Q

What was the population of India by the 1850s?

A

-280 million
-70% Hindu 20% Muslim

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18
Q

What was the cause of the Indian Mutiny 1857?

A
  • Grease in cartridges contained animal fats which went against religion
    -Requirements to serve abroad went against caste rule
    -changes in pay and conditions
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19
Q

Why did the India mutiny fail?

A

-Failed to gain full support across India
-majority of Indian Princes were pro-British
-Sikhs remain loyal to the British

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20
Q

What were the Consequences/result of the 1857 Indian Mutiny?

A

Immediate:
-British authorities took ruthless revenge on mutineers
Political Consequences:
-E.I.C abolished and India under direct British control in 1857
-Victoria became “Empress of India” in 1876
Military Consequences:
-Reform of India army ratio British to Indian soldiers increased from 1:5 to 1:2
-Indian troops increasingly drawn from “loyal” areas
Cultural and social Consequences:
-Harsher British attitudes towards colonial subjects across Empire

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21
Q

How much of the Indian subcontinent was ruled by the Princely states?

A

35%

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22
Q

What was the relationship between the Princely states and the British raj?

A

-Treaties with GB
-Under GB protection
-Britain could intervene if a state was being misgoverned so Britain in overall control but a sense of independence

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23
Q

What was the caste system?

A

-Defined the structure of Hindu society
-Determined at birth, defined all aspects of life

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24
Q

What was the relationship between the caste system and the British empire ?

A

-Cultural familiarity with small elite class ruling society without question
-The British were not within the system, therefore untouchable however treated almost as an “above-caste”

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25
Q

How many miles of railway were built in India by 1870?

A

3000

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26
Q

What was a phrase commonly used to describe British rule of India?

A

“Iron fist in a silk glove”

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27
Q

Why did Britain begin to expand its imperial interests into India?

A

-Trade and opportunity
- India’s size and population

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28
Q

How far did the Indian mutiny change Britain’s reasons for expanding its imperial interests in India?

A

-Did not change Britain’s desire to imperialise India
However the method to achieve this aim changed = Government took direct control of India

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29
Q

What territories were significantly expanded 1857-1890 in Africa?

A

Transvaal (occupied 1877)
Zululand (protectorate 1879)
Egypt and Sudan (

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30
Q

How many of the Bengal regiments were disbanded after the Indian mutiny?

A

62 out of 72

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31
Q

Name two important agricultural products that come from India

A

Tea
Silk

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32
Q

What were the reasons for British Expansion in Africa 1857-1890?

A

-New economic pressures
(Need for new markets to feed industrial growth in GB after the European markets saturated in the Long Depression)
-Support British interests into India
-Growing strategic interests

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33
Q

Before 1890 the acquisition of more territories was mostly ……..

A

Reactive
(Rather than actively seeking expansion)

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34
Q

When was Isma’ll Pasha the Khedive of Egypt?

A

-1863-1879

35
Q

When was Tewfik Pasha the Khedive of Egypt?

A

1879-1892

36
Q

In what year did the construction of the Suez Canal being ?

A

1859

37
Q

When was the construction of the Suez Canal completed?

A

1869

38
Q

By 1875 how many British ships were using the Suez Canal?

A

80%

39
Q

Why was the Suez Canal so important to the British Empire?

A

-Canal commercially and strategically vital to British interests in the Mediterranean and India

40
Q

In 1875 how many shares of the Suez Canal did Disraeli buy?

A

44%

41
Q

How much did Disraeli pay to secure 44% stakes of the Suez Canal?

A

£4 million
Using a loan from the Rothschild

42
Q

By 1900 how much of Africa was in African hands?

A

10%

43
Q

By 1850-1870 what percentage of colonies exports went to Britain ?

A

20%

44
Q

By 1850-1870 What percentage of British exports went to colonial markets?

A

30%

45
Q

When was the Crimean War?

A

1853-1856

46
Q

What Treaty ended the Crimean war?

A

The Treaty of Paris

47
Q

When was the government of India Act?

A

1858
British Raj established

48
Q

What number did the electorate increase to after the Reform Act 1867?

A

Nearly 2.5 million

49
Q

When was the Education Act?

A

1870

50
Q

Who won the election in 1868?

A

The Liberals

51
Q

When was Germany unified ?

A

1871

52
Q

Who won the election in 1874 and with what tactic?

A

Disraeli
“Playing the imperial card”

53
Q

When was the Gold Coast colony established?

A

1874

54
Q

In what year does Frere become high commissioner and governor of the Cape Colony?

A

1877

55
Q

When was the Brussels Conference?

A

1876

56
Q

When was the Berlin conference ?

A

1884-1885

57
Q

Who hosted the Brussels conference ?

A

King Leopold of Belgium

58
Q

By 1884 what percentage of Africa was still under local control (before the Berlin Conference)

A

80%

59
Q

How many countries went to the Berlin conference?

A

-14 European and the USA

60
Q

What was the outcome of the Brussels conference?

A
  • Concluded that Africans were incapable of developing the natural resources to be found in central Africa so European intervention was necessary

-The “co-operation” the conference was actually suppose to promote heightened competition as European countries were suspicious of Leopolds intentions

61
Q

What was the outcome of the Berlin Conference?

A

A signing of a General Act that promised:
-All nations should be permitted trade in the basin of Congo
-There should be free trade within these regions
-The powers with influence should help protect indigenous people
-Any power that took possession of further land in the coast should alert the other powers
-Established the principle of “Effective Occupation”

62
Q

When was the annexation of the Transvaal Republic by the British?

A

1877

63
Q

When was the 2nd Anglo-Afghan war ?

A

1878-1880

64
Q

When was Zululand established as a protectorate ?

A

1879

65
Q

When was the Anglo-Zulu war ?

A

11th Jan 1879- 4th July 1879

66
Q

When was The boy’s owner paper established?

A

1879

67
Q

What year was Isma’il replaced by Tewfiq?

A

1879

68
Q

Who was elected as prime minister in 1880?

A

Gladstone
(1880-1885)

69
Q

When was the First Boer war?

A

March 1880- December 1881

70
Q

When was the Mahdist revolt in Sudan?

A

June 1881

71
Q

When was the Northern Borneo Chartered Company established?

A

1881

72
Q

When did Evelyn Baring become Consul General of Egypt?

A

1882

73
Q

How many people were killed in the Arabi Pasha revolt?

A

50 Europeans killed in Alexandria

74
Q

Where was Arabi Pasha defeated by the British?

A

Te el- Kebir

75
Q

When was the boys Brigade founded?

A

1883

76
Q

When was the Imperial League founded?

A

1884

77
Q

How many did the electorate increase to after the 1884 Reform Act?

A

Over 5 million

78
Q

When was General Gordon sent to Sudan?

A

1884

79
Q

Who became Prime Minister in 1885?

A

Lord Salisbury (Conservatives)

80
Q

When did the Royal Niger company become a charter?

A

1886

81
Q

When was the Colonial and Indian Exhibit in London?

A

1886

82
Q

When does Imperial British East African Company a charter?

A

1888

83
Q

Who was the British Commissioner in Egypt during the Debt Crisis

A

lord Dufferin

British Empire (3 decks)

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