Key Facts Flashcards

1
Q

When did Henry VII purposely date his reign from?

A

28 January 1457 – 21 April 1509

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2
Q

Which 2 people were executed in 1499 after being accused of plotting against Henry?

A

Warbeck’s Irish ally John Atwater was also executed at Tyburn on the same day. The Earl of Warwick was beheaded.

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3
Q

When did henry vii’s first coronation take place?

A

30 October 1485

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4
Q

Who decisively joined the Battle of Bosworth in support of Henry?

A

the Stanleys

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5
Q

Which Parliamentary Acts allowed Henry to seize the property and title of Yorkist supporters?

A

An act of attainder

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6
Q

When did Henry marry Elizabeth of York and why?

A

18th January 1486

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7
Q

Why did Henry VII have a weak claim to the throne?

A

his father was an earl and not a king. His grandfather was not even an Englishman he was a Welsh squire

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8
Q

Which lady with Yorkist connections supported pretenders to the throne?

A

Margaret of Burgundy

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9
Q

Which countries did Perkin Warbeck seek influence / refuge in?

A

Scotland

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10
Q

What was the name of the battle at which John de la Pole (Earl of Lincoln) was killed?

A

the battle of Stoke

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11
Q

Which governmental organisation during Henry VII’s reign was used to enforced the issuing of bonds and recognisances?

A

the Council of Learned

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12
Q

What did the 1487 and 1504 acts against retaining do?

A

fined you £5 for every person you illegally retained

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13
Q

Who challenged Henry VII’s right to rule?

A

Sir William Stanley (Henry’s Chamberlain) and others such as Sir Simon Mountford

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14
Q

Who worked with Richard Empson in the council learned from 1503?

A

Dudley

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15
Q

What institution of administration did Henry VII start using in 1495?

A

the Chamber

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16
Q

What did the new Book of Rates (1507) lead to a 20% increase of?

A

income from crown lands, custom duties, feudal dues and profits of justice

17
Q

What were the two main functions of parliament during Henry VII?

A

to grant taxes and to pass laws

18
Q

What did Justices of the Peace do?

A

to see that the laws of the country were obeyed in their area

19
Q

How much money did Henry borrow in loans during his reign, all of which he paid back?

A

£203,000

20
Q

Who was Henry’s Lord Chamberlain until 1495 when he was arrested for treason?

A

Sir William Stanley

21
Q

Crown lands increased by how much over Henry VII’s reign?

A

5 times

22
Q

Roughly how much did Henry VII leave in cash at the end of his reign?

A

£113,000 a year. Henry VII’s income 20x greater than that of the wealthiest English nobles.

23
Q

After 3 years of his reign, Henry abandoned the Exchequer system of royal finances in favour of the Chamber. Why?

A

Henry knew that to survive as king, he needed the money to finance an effective royal army. Therefore, he had to modernise the way royal income was collected.

24
Q

How many Knights of the Garter did Henry create?

A

37

25
Q

Who supplied money and foreign mercenaries to support Yorkist claimants to the throne?

A

Edward IV’s sister Margaret, duchess of Burgundyo

26
Q

What had united Spain in 1469?

A

marriage of Ferdinand and Isabella

27
Q

When did Henry initiate a trade embargo with Burgundy, and what ended it?

A

between 1493 and 1496

28
Q

Who was the Holy Roman Emperor from 1459 – 1519?

A

Maximilian I

29
Q

How were Anglo-Scottish relations recovered in 1502?

A

agreed to end the intermittent warfare

30
Q

When was the Intercursus Magnus signed?

A

February 1496

31
Q

What did Henry attempt to enforce in Ireland in 1495 in order to bring it under tighter English control?

A

endeavouring to induce the Irish magnates to range themselves on the side of law and order and centralised government

32
Q

Who was Arthur married to, and who was Mary married to?

A

Catherine of Aragon and Philip II of Spain

33
Q

What percentage of export revenue did cloth make up under Henry VII?

A

90%

34
Q

What was open field husbandry?

A

the prevalent agricultural system in much of Europe during the Middle Ages

35
Q

In what year did Henry VIIs parliament pass legislation against enclosure?

A

1489

36
Q

What happened to most of the coal mined in Newcastle?

A

It was shipped to London for domestic and industrial fuel

37
Q

Henry failed to break the dominance over trade in the Baltic which was held by which group?

A

The Hanseatic League

38
Q

What was the most significant English export and where was most trade established?

A

Cloth through Antwerp