Key Diplomatic Events Flashcards
1
Q
The Peace of Augsburg, 1555
A
- And did the religious Civil War between Roman Catholics and Lutherans in the German states.
- Gave each German prince the right to determine the religion of his state, either Roman Catholic or Lutheran.
- Failed to provide the recognition of Calvinists or other religious groups.
2
Q
The Council of Trent, 1545-1563
A
- Reform catholic church discipline and reform church doctrine.
- Preserve the papacy as the center of Christianity.
- Confirmed all seven existing sacraments
- Reaffirmed Latin as the language of worship.
- Forbade clerical marriage.
3
Q
The Edict of Nantes, 1598
A
- Issued by Henry IV of France.
- Granted religious toleration to the French Protestants.
- Mark the first formal recognition by a European national monarchy that two religions could go exist in the same country.
- Revoked by Louis XIV in 1685.
4
Q
The Peace of Westfalia, 1648.
A
- Ended the Thirty Years’ War.
- Recognize Calvinism as a legally permissible faith.
- Recognize this are an independent authority over the 300 German states.
- Continued the political fragmentation of Germany.
- Sweet an additional territory, confirming it status as a major power.
- Acknowledged the independence of the United Provinces of the Netherlands.
5
Q
The Peace of Utrecht, 1713
A
- And did Louis XIV’s efforts to dominate Europe
- Allowed Philip V to remain on the throne of Spain the stipulated that the grounds of Spain and France should never be worn by the same monarch
- Granted the Spanish Netherlands (now called Austrian Netherlands) to the Austrian Habsburgs along with Milan, Naples, and Sicily
- Granted England a number of territories including Newfoundland, Nova Scotia, and Gibraltar
- Granted England the asiento, the lucrative right to supply African slaves to Spanish America
6
Q
The Pragmatic Sanction, 1713
A
- Guaranteed the succession of Habsburg Emperor Charles VI’s eldest daughter, Maria Theresa, to the throne
- Guaranteed the indivisibility of the Habsburg lands
- Violated when Frederick the great of Prussia invaded Silesia in 1740
7
Q
The Congress of Vienna, 1815
A
- Enacted a settlement that was acceptable to both the victors and to France
- Created a balance of power that lasted until the unification of Germany in 1871
- Underestimated the forces of liberalism and nationalism
- Use the principle of legitimacy to restore the Bourbons to the French throne
- United Belgium with Netherland to form a single kingdom of the Netherlands
- Created a loose confederation of 39 German states dominated by Austria
8
Q
The Berlin conference, 1884–1885
A
- Established rules for dividing Africa amongst the European powers. European state could no longer something to clear region of Africa it’s colony. If first had to exercise effective control over the territory.
- Declared the Congo to be the “Congo Free state,” under the personal control of Leopold II of Belgium
- Establish rules for governing the race for African colonies
9
Q
The Treaty of Brest-Litovsk, 1918
A
- End it bolshevik Russia’s participation in World War I
- Negotiated by Vladimir Lenin because he was unwilling to risk bullshit begins by continuing a war that could no longer be won
- Nullified following Germany’s defeat by the Allies
10
Q
The Treaty of Versailles, 1919
A
- Refused to allow either defeated Germany or Communist Russia to participate in peace conference negotiations
- First Germany to sign a war guilt clause that was used to justify imposing large war reparations payments
- Change the map of Europe by returning Alsace Lorraine to France and dissolving Austria hungry into separate states of Austria, Hungary, Czechoslovakia, and Yugoslavia
- Created the league of Nations to discuss and settle disputes without resorting to war
- Left a legacy of bitterness between the victors and Germany
11
Q
The Locarno Pact, 1925
A
- Recorded an agreement between France and Germany to respect mutual frontiers
- Marked the beginning of a brief period of reduce tensions among the European powers
12
Q
The Kellogg-Briand pact, 1928
A
- Outlawed war as an instrument of national policy
2. Violated repeatedly during the 1930s
