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Eddie's iGCSE Chemistry - rates of reaction > Key definitions > Flashcards

Key definitions Flashcards

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1
Q

Acid

A

A proton donor. It reacts with bases to form salt and water

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2
Q

Acidic oxide

A

An oxide that reacts with a base to form a salt and water

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3
Q

Acid rain

A

Rain with a ph. below 5.6 due to the reaction of acidic gases and rain water

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4
Q

Activation energy

A

The minimum energy required for particles to react when they collide

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5
Q

Addition polymerisation

A

A reaction in with monomers containing c=c double bonds react to form polymers without any other substance being formed.

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6
Q

Addition reaction

A

In organic chemistry, a reaction where two molecules combine to give a single product

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7
Q

Alcohol

A

A compound containing the -OH functional group, having the new general formula CnH2n+1OH

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8
Q

Alkali

A

A soluble base

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9
Q

Alkali metals

A

The elements in group 1 of the periodic table

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10
Q

Alkane

A

A hydrocarbon with only single bonds

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11
Q

Alkene

A

A hydrocarbon with one or more double bonds

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12
Q

Alloy

A

A mixture of a metal with another element or elements

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13
Q

Amphoteric oxide

A

An oxide that reacts with both acids and bases to form a salt and water

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14
Q

Anhydrous (salts)

A

Salts without any water of crystallisation

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15
Q

Anion

A

A negative ion

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16
Q

Anode

A

The positive electrode

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17
Q

Anomalous result

A

A result or piece of data that does not fit the pattern of the rest of the data

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18
Q

Atom

A

The smallest part of an element that can take part in chemical change

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19
Q

Avogadro constant

A

The number of defined particles in one mole of those particles

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20
Q

Base

A

A proton acceptor. It reacts with acids to form a salt and water

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21
Q

Basic oxide

A

An oxide that reacts with an acid to form a salt and water

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22
Q

Bond energy

A

The energy needed to break one mole of covalent bonds between two particular atoms

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23
Q

Brownian motion

A

The random movement of small visible particles in a suspension caused by unequal random bombardment of molecules of liquid or gas on the visible particles.

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24
Q

Carbohydrates

A

The general name for simple and complex sugars having the general formula Cx(H2O)y

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25
Q

Carbon cycle

A

The cycle of processes which move carbon compounds between the earth, atmosphere, and ocean and keeps the amount of carbon dioxide to be fairly consistent in the atmosphere

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26
Q

Carboxylic acid

A

A compound containing the -COOH functional group, having the general formula CnH2n+1 COOH

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27
Q

Catalyst

A

A substance which speeds up a chemical reaction but is never used up or changed

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28
Q

Catalytic converter

A

A device fitted onto a car exhaust system to reduce the emission of oxides of nitrogen and carbon monoxide.

29
Q

Cathode

A

The negative electrode

30
Q

Cation

A

A positive ion

31
Q

Chemical change

A

How elements and compounds react with other substances

32
Q

Compound

A

A substance made up of two or more different atoms (or ions) bonded together

33
Q

Concentration (of solution)

A

The amount of solute dissolved in a defined volume of solution

34
Q

Condensation polymerisation

A

A reaction where two organic molecules join together in a condensation reaction to form the repeating units of a polymer.

35
Q

Condensation reaction

A

A reaction where two organic molecules join together with the elimination of a small molecule such as water

36
Q

Condensing

A

The changing state when a gas changes to a liquid

37
Q

Contact process

A

The industrial process of making sulfuric acid using vanadium (V) oxide catalyst and high tempurature.

38
Q

Corrosion

A

The “eating away” of the surface of a metal by chemical reaction

39
Q

Covalent bond

A

A bond formed by sharing a pair of electrons between two atoms

40
Q

cracking

A

The process by which large, less useful hydrocarbon molecules are broken down into smaller, more useful alkanes and alkenes.

41
Q

Delocalised electrons

A

Electrons which are not associated with any particular atom and are able to move between atoms and ions

42
Q

Diatomic

A

molecule containing two atoms

43
Q

Diffusion

A

The spreading movement of one substance into another due to the random motion of particles.

44
Q

Displacement reaction

A

A reaction in which one atom or ion replaces another atom or ion in a compound

45
Q

Ductile

A

Can be drawn into wires by a pulling force

46
Q

electrochemical cell

A

A source of electrical energy where two metals of different reactivity dipping into an electrolyte are connected via an external circuit.

47
Q

electrode

A

A rod of metal or graphite which leads an electric circuit to or from an electrolyte

48
Q

electrolysis

A

the breakdown of an ionic compound by passage of electricity

49
Q

electrolyte

A

An ionic compound which conducts electricity when molten or dissolved in water

50
Q

electron shells

A

the regions at different distances from the nucleus where one or more electrons are found.

51
Q

electronic arrangement

A

the number and arrangement of electrons in the electron shells of an atom

52
Q

electroplating

A

the coating of the surface of one metal with a layer of another by an electrolytic reaction

53
Q

element

A

A substance containing only one type of atom

54
Q

empirical formula

A

A formula showing the simplest whole number ratio of atoms or ions in a compound

55
Q

endothermic reaction

A

A reaction or process which absorbs energy

56
Q

energy level diagram

A

a diagram showing the energy change of the reaction on the vertical axis and the reactants and products on horizontal axis

57
Q

enzyme

A

a biological catalyst

58
Q

equilibrium reaction

A

a reaction which does not go to completion and in which reactants and products are present in fixed concentration ratios at a particular tempurature and pressure

59
Q

ester

A

a substance with the general formula RCOOR formed by the reaction between carboxylic acid and an alcohol

60
Q

esterification

A

the reaction between a carboxylic acid and an alcohol to produce an ester and water

61
Q

evaporation

A

the change in state from the liquid phase to the gaseous phase below the boiling point of a liquid

62
Q

exothermic

A

a reaction or process which releases energy

63
Q

fair test

A

an experiment where the independant variable affects the dependant variable and all other variables are controlled

64
Q

fermentation

A

The breakdown of organic substances by microorganisms with effervescence and release of energy. It commonly refers to the breakdown of sugars by enzymes in yeast in the absence of oxygen to form ethanol.

65
Q

filtrate

A

in filtration, the liquid which goes through the filter paper.

66
Q

flame test

A

a test for a particular metal ion by heating a sample of a compound containing the ion and blue Bunsen flam. characteristic sulphur are burned

67
Q

flue gas desulfurization

A

the removal of sulphur dioxide from wasted gases produced when fossil fuels containing sulphur are burned.

68
Q

fraction

A

a group of molecules with a defined boiling point range which distils off at the same place during fractional distillation

Eddie's iGCSE Chemistry - rates of reaction (16 decks)

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