KEY DEFINITIONS Flashcards
What are isotopes?
isotopes are different atomic forms of the same element, which have the same number of protons but a different number of neutrons.
what is an ion?
an ion is a charged particle of either a positive or negative charge, formed when an atom loses or gains an electron.
What is ionic bonding?
ionic bonding happens between a metal and a nonmetal and it is when oppositely charged ions attract each other and form an ionic bond.
What is covalent bonding?
when two non-metals share their outer electrons to obtain a full outer shell
What are nanoparticles?
really tiny particles, 1 -100 nanometres across
What is the relative formula mass?
all the relative atomic masses in a compound added together.
What is a mole?
one mole of a substance is the relative formula mass of a substance in grams
What is activation energy?
the minimum amount of energy needed by the particles to react.
What are catalysts?
A catalyst is a substance which speeds up a reaction without being changed or used up in the reaction.
What is an exothermic reaction?
An exothermic reaction is one which transfers energy to the surroundings usually in the form of heat and usually shown by a rise in temperature.
What is an endothermic reaction?
An endothermic reaction is one which takes in energy from the surroundings usually in the form of heat and is usually shown by a fall in temperature.
What is a reversible reaction?
a reaction which is endothermic in one direction and exothermic in the other direction. The energy absorbed is equal to the energy released.
What is neutralisation?
the reaction between an acid and base to form a salt and water.
What is electrolysis?
The breakdown of an ionic substance thats molten on in a solution into its elements by passing an electric current through it.
What is electroplating?
process by which electrolysis is used to coat the surface of one metal with another metal.
