Key Definitions Flashcards
Interdependence
Where one sector is dependent upon another.
For example, a tour operator may depend on the travel agent to sell holidays
Incoming Tourism
Example?
When a tourist comes into a country which they do not live in.
For example, if someone who lives in the UK and goes on holiday to the USA, they would be a incoming tourist to the USA.
Or
Someone who lives in another country comes to visit the UK
Enabling Factors
Enable us to be travellers and tourists.
This includes level of disposable income, education, mobility and level of urbanisation.
VFR
When you visit friends and relatives.
Adventure Tourism
Holiday for the purpose of challenge, and may involve an element of risk. Adventurous holidays appeal to active people who like to do exciting, unique or thrilling activities.
For example, skiing, whitewater rafting, quad biking.
External Factors
Outside the control of the travel industry e.g. Natural disasters (Icelandic volcano disaster), WARS (Egypt), EXCHANGE RATE, MEDIA COVERAGE, CLIMATE CHANGE, TERRORISM, ECONOMIC CLIMATE.
Economic Climate
Refers to the state of the economy of a country. A poor economic climate is one with low exchange rates and a falling stock market, which is in recession.
Perishable
Where products and services have a self life as tonight’s hotel accommodation can’t be sold tomorrow.
Horizontal Integration
Occurs when 2 similar organisations (e.g. 2 travel agencies) merge or where one is taken over and absorbed by the other one
For example, First Choice and Thompson
Vertically Integration
When an organisation merges or takes over 2 or more companies on two or more levels of the travel and tourism industry.
For example, “The Big 4”, e.g. Thomas Cook. They all own an airline, travel agent and a tour operator.
Independent Travel Agent
A travel agent who books flights, hotels, airport transfers, tours and car rentals, but who are not associated with an airline and therefore can freely book with any airline and hotel service.
Motivating Factors
They are factors which make people want to travel (a burning desire to travel). They can be described as Pull or Push factors. They may include TV programmes, films or adverts.
Example of motivators include, health, wellbeing, stress reduction, a desire to visit other cultures, meeting new people, escaping work/home life, weather in destination or at home.
Domestic Tourism
When a person visit to different parts of their own country.
For example, Liverpool to London.
Outgoing Tourism
When a person travels from their own country to a different country.
For example, the UK to France
Long-haul Tourism
When people travel a long distance, like across the work.
For example, UK to the USA and/or China
Interrelationship
Where different sectors work with each other by providing complementary services or to produce a single product. Some companies interrelate by merging together, such as tour operator taking over a travel agent, so they are at the more than one level of the chain.
Intangible
Products can’t be touched or experienced at the time of purchase, like a holiday that you experience but can’t pick up or hold.
Currency Fluctuations
Currency fluctuations are where the exchange rates change between 2 countries over a period of time.
For example $=1.82 British Pound Sterling
Business Tourism
Traveling related to work, like going from Manchester to London for a meeting/trade fairs/conferences.
Independent tourism
When a customer books transport arrangement separately from their accommodation arrangements over the internet.
Package Tourism
Where people book all parts of the holiday - flights, accommodation and transfers as a package with a tour operator like Cosmos. Can be sold by a travel agent.
Climatic Changes
Climate changes over time, for example average temperatures are increasing at present. This causes drought in some areas, higher rainfall in others and ice caps to melt. This is caused by human activity e.g. air travel.
Leisure Tourism
When people travel in their free time to take part in activities that interest them and not because they are told to.
Excursion
A trip away to a tourist destination. These are particularly popular with older people e.g. coach trips. School trips is also an excursion.
Private sector
Companies funded by people, which trade for a profit. The travel and tourism industry is predominantly made up of private companies.
Public Sector
When companies that are funded by the government.
Government legislations
Can affect the host tourism country or the departing tourist in their home country. For example, if a tourist destination’s government decides it increase business taxes, tourist and operators would find themselves paying more.
Travel Agent
Travel agencies all belong to the private sector. They sell the products and services produced by the tour operator, cruise companies, airlines and hotel chains to travellers and tourists. They sell ‘on demand’ so do not stock up beforehand. They have contracts to sell tickets, seats, beds, etc.
Tour Operator
Buy in and combine the various elements that make up a ‘package deal’. The products are then sold on down the line to the agencies, for distribution in the market place.
