Key definitions Flashcards
orientalism
an imaginative geography that divides the world into 2 unequal parts: the civilized W and the larger, exotic and uncivilized other
positivism
a concept where you’re confident that science, and knowledge will solve everything
colonial feminism
how gender, race and colonialism intersect to shape the experiences of women in colonized societies
Tanzimat reforms (1839)
set of reforms of the Ottoman Empire to slow its decline, characterized by modernization of State bureaucracy + new infrastructures and construction
Types of informal economy
coping, combat, criminal
Dutch Disease
eco phenomenon where the discovery and export of natural resources such as oil lead to negative impacts on other sectors of the eco, 2 main consequences:
1) oil sales lead to an increase of foreign exchange rate at the expense of local manufacturing
2) oil wealth increases demand for non-tradable goods which draws labor away from tradable good sector
umma
community of believers, sense of belonging to a geographically broad and culturally diverse faith tradition
Operation Harmattan
French-led NATO airstrikes on Libya
de jure
according to the law
de facto
in reality
peshmerga
kurdish fighters, “those who face death”
Kurdish in Syria
PYD > YPG and YPJ
Kurdish in Turkey
PKK
Kurdish in Iraq
KDP, PUK
small wars
wars in Global S that are less important/don’t involve major powers, often unconventional
peoplehood
bottom-up mobilizational capacity in physical spaces seeking to subvert and transform the hegemony of the state, democratic dynamic, people-driven, local and global reach
realism
explain persistence of high levels of interstate mistrust and conflict + external penetration of region
constructivism
role of Arab/Islamic id in explaining regional conflicts + threats
securitization
using potential threat as an excuse for military enforcement
proxy warfare
strategy where external actors use 3rd-party groups or states to carry out military operations on their behalf, providing support such as funding, weapons, and training. Allows sponsors to achieve their objectives indirectly, minimizing the risk of direct conflict and providing a degree of deniability
pan-arabism
secular ideology that promotes unity between Arab peoples through a common language and history
