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Genes and chromosomes key definitions > Key definitions > Flashcards

Key definitions Flashcards

1
Q

Gene

A

Section of DNA on a chromosome coding for one or more polypeptides

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2
Q

Locus

A

A section of DNA located at a specific position

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3
Q

Degenerate

A

A feature of the genetic code; more than one triplet can code for a particular
amino acid.

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4
Q

Non-overlapping

A

A feature of the genetic code; each base in a sequence is read once and
is only part of one triplet

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5
Q

Universal

A

A feature of the genetic code; the code is the same in almost all organisms. This
is evidence for evolution

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6
Q

Allele

A

A version of a gene

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7
Q

Histones

A

Proteins that, together with DNA, form chromosomes in the nuclei of eukaryotic
cells

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8
Q

Chromosome

A

A structure consisting of a long, coiled molecule of DNA and its associated
proteins, by which genetic information is passed from generation to generation.

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9
Q

Chromatid

A

One strand of a replicated chromosome.

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10
Q

Chromatin

A

Chromatin is a substance within a chromosome consisting of DNA and protein

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11
Q

Homologous

A

A chromosome pair, one paternal and one maternal, with the

same gene loci.

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12
Q

Diploid

A

A diploid cell is a cell that contains two complete sets of chromosomes

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13
Q

Haploid

A

A single set of chromosomes present in the egg and sperm cells of animals,

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14
Q

Genome

A

The entire set of genes in a cell

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15
Q

Proteome

A

The full range of proteins that a cell is able to produce.

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16
Q

Intron

A

A non-coding sequence of DNA.

17
Q

Exon

A

A sequence of DNA that codes for an amino acid sequence.

18
Q

Karyotype

A

The number and appearance of chromosomes, and includes their length, banding pattern, and centromere position.

19
Q

Dominant

A

A variation of a gene where only one allele is needed to be present to produce a certain phenotype

20
Q

Recessive

A

A variety of genetic code that does not create a phenotype if a dominant allele is present.

Genes and chromosomes key definitions (1 decks)

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