Key Dates/Events Flashcards
What is the common name for nitrous oxide?
Laughing gas
Nitrous oxide is often referred to as laughing gas due to its euphoric effects.
Who discovered nitrous oxide?
Davy
Sir Humphry Davy was a chemist who conducted early experiments with nitrous oxide.
In what year was nitrous oxide discovered? (Laughing gas numbed pain)
1795
This was the year when nitrous oxide was first isolated and recognized.
Who was the surgeon that amputated a leg while anaesthetising a patient with ether?
Robert Liston
Robert Liston was known for his rapid surgical techniques and was one of the first to use ether as an anaesthetic.
In what year did Robert Liston perform the leg amputation using ether?
1846
This marked a significant advancement in surgical practices with the use of anaesthesia.
What did Anna Greerer die of in 1848?
Chloroform overdose
Her death highlighted the dangers associated with the use of chloroform as an anaesthetic.
Which British monarch used chloroform during childbirth and spoke favourably of it?
Queen Victoria
Her endorsement of chloroform helped to popularize its use in obstetrics.
In what year did Queen Victoria use chloroform for childbirth?
1853
This event played a crucial role in changing public perception of chloroform.
Who was the first to use ether to anaesthetise a patient for tooth extraction?
William E. Clarke
His use of ether in 1842 marked an important moment in dental surgery.
What year did James Simpson discover chloroform?
1847
Simpson’s discovery significantly impacted anaesthesia practices.
What impact did antiseptic surgery have in the short-term?
Allowed for more complex surgeries
The introduction of antiseptics made it possible to perform surgeries that were previously deemed too risky.
What long-term effect did antiseptic surgery have?
Made surgery safer
The germ theory introduced by Joseph Lister transformed surgical practices and reduced infection rates.
Who discovered carbolic acid?
Joseph Lister
Lister’s work with carbolic acid laid the foundation for modern antiseptic practices.
In what year was carbolic acid discovered?
1865
This discovery was pivotal in the advancement of surgical hygiene.
True or False: The introduction of antiseptics changed surgical practices significantly without any resistance.
False
There was considerable resistance from medical professionals to adopt new antiseptics initially.
Fill in the blank: The use of _______ by Joseph Lister made surgery safer.
carbolic acid
Carbolic acid was one of the first antiseptics used in surgery.
What significant discovery did Pasteur publish in 1860 and what long term effect did it have?
Results of experiments leading to the discovery of germ theory
Widespread production of vaccines
Pasteur proved that spontaneous generation was incorrect and that germs in the air were responsible for decay.
What was proven wrong by Pasteur’s experiments?
Spontaneous generation
Pasteur demonstrated that decay was caused by microorganisms in the air.
What role do germs play according to Pasteur’s findings?
Germs cause decay and can cause disease
This was a pivotal moment in understanding infectious diseases.
Which disease-causing microorganism did Koch discover? & when did he discover them
Bacteria that caused tuberculosis
1882
Koch’s work was foundational in the field of microbiology and infectious diseases.
What methods did Koch publish for identifying disease-causing microbes?
Microbes are always present in disease, can be reproduced in pure culture, and disease reproduced in test animals
This method allowed scientists to isolate and study pathogens.
What did the French Academy of Science challenge scientists to prove?
To prove or disprove the theory of spontaneous generation
This challenge led to significant advancements in microbiology.
What did Koch discover about cholera? & when
Cholera was spread in water supplies
1883-1884
## Footnote
Koch found cholera bacteria in drinking water in India, highlighting the importance of clean water.
When did Pasteur publish his germ theory of infection?
1878
This publication was crucial in advancing the understanding of infectious diseases.
Who discovered the use of carbolic acid in treating infected wounds?
Joseph Lister
Lister’s work laid the foundation for antiseptic surgery.
What theory did Joseph Lister use to study infected wounds?
Pasteur’s germ theory
This theory proposed that microbes in the air caused spoilage and infections.
What did Lister theorize about the cause of wine and vinegar spoilage?
Microbes in air caused spoilage
This was a key application of germ theory.
In what year did Lister help treat a broken leg using carbolic acid?
1865
His methods led to clean healing of the wound.