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Key dates Flashcards

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1
Q

What year was the Act of Union passed?

A

1801

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2
Q

What year was Catholic Emancipation?

A

1829

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3
Q

What was Catholic Emancipation?

A

Gave Catholics the right to stand in elections, however the fact that very few owned their own land meant they could not vote

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4
Q

What year was the Fenian Brotherhood set up

A

1858

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5
Q

Who set up the Fenian Brotherhood

A

James Stephens

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6
Q

What was the significance of 1867?

A 
Fenian uprisings in Chester and Kerry
Fenian Risings across Ireland
Clan na Gael founded in New York
Manchester Martyrs executed
Clerkenwell explosion

Pre 1867 the Fenian’s were seen as a nuisance - after this date the cartoons show them as more as a threat

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7
Q

What year was the Reform Act passed, increasing the number of people that could vote?

A

1867

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8
Q

What dates were Gladstone’s First Term in Power?

A

1868 - 1874

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9
Q

What year did Gladstone declare he was to ‘Pacify Ireland’ (First year of office)?

A

1968

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10
Q

How did Gladstone get Prime Minister the first time around?

A

The 1867 Reform Act meant he was the product of the People’s votes

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11
Q

What were Gladstone’s 3 initial reforms during his first office

A

1869 - Disestablishment of the Church Act
1870 - First Land Act
1873 - University Bill

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12
Q

What dates were the three Land Acts?

A

1870
1881
1887

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13
Q

What year was the Home Rule Association set up?

A

1870

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14
Q

Who set up the Home Rule Association?

A

Isaac Butt

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15
Q

What was the Disestablishment of the Church Act?

A

All legal connection between the Church and the State was ended. Church property was confiscated

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16
Q

Why was the impact of the Home Rule Association so small at first?

A

The people had faith in Gladstone after his Churches Act and attempt at a Land Act

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17
Q

What did the First Land Act grant?

A

Ulster Custom - tenants could not be evicted if they could pay their rents + compensation for improvements

Eviction - eviction = compensation

Land purchase - state paid 2/3

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18
Q

Why was Gladstone’s initial reforms not massively successful?

A

Very complex situation

Churches act was successful - improved situation and therefore moral - displayed understanding of situation

This emphasises the ineffectiveness of the following Bills because he had such a successful opening

Land Act of 1870 possessed a compromise - he tried to please too many people - didn’t end up pleasing anyone

Universities Bill of 1873 - ineffective and unpopular

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19
Q

What year was the Land League established?

A

1879

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20
Q

Who was in Parliament between 1874 - 1880?

A

Disraeli - Conservative Government

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21
Q

What was the initial Aim of the Land League?

A

3Fs

Free Sale
Fair Rent
Fixity of Tenure

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22
Q

What year was the Land War issue?

A

1879 - 1880

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23
Q

What year was Parnell made president of the Land League?

A

1879 - but avoided violence by travelling to America for duration of Land War

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24
Q

What year did the Home Rule Party become the IPP under Parnell’s leadership?

A

1880

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25
Q

What years was Gladstone’s second term in office?

A

1880-1885

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26
Q

What did Gladstone respond to the Land War with?

A

Coercion and Concession

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27
Q

Who was the leader of the IPP when it was created from the Home Rule Party In 1880?

A

Parnell

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28
Q

What was the Coercion Act?

A

People suspected of a crime could be detained without trial

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29
Q

What significant figure was arrested as a result of the Coercion Act?

A

Michael Davitt - Founder of the Land League

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30
Q

Who was Michael Davitt?

A

Founder of the Land League

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31
Q

What year was the Second Land Act

A

1881

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32
Q

What was the significance of the Second Land Act in 1881?

A

3Fs had been passed = success of the Land League

  • Land League ceased to exist
  • Focus became Home Rule
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33
Q

What year was the Kilmainham Treaty?

A

1882

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34
Q

What were the terms of the Kilmainham Treaty?

A

Gladstone agreed: to relax Coercion Act and amend Land Act

Parnell agreed (in return): to use his influence to stop the violence and support future Land Acts –> He was released on those terms

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35
Q

What date were the Phoenix Park Murders?

A

May 6th 1882

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36
Q

What year did Parnell set up the National League and what was it?

A

1882 - the electoral wing of the IPP with the aim of ‘national self-government’

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37
Q

When did the Catholic church come out in favour of Home Rule?

A

mid 1880s

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38
Q

What year was Parnell’s ‘ne plus ultra’ speech?

A

1885

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39
Q

When did Parnell and his Party switched to Conservative to remove Gladstone from power? - political manipulation

A

June 9th 1885

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40
Q

What year was the Hawarden Kite?

A

1885

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41
Q

What was the Hawarden Kite?

A

Herbert Gladstone leaked to the press that his father was planning on implementing Home Rule

Questionable Motives:

  • Herbert believed Chamberlain was attempting to split the party up so doing this would by William Gladstone more time with the Liberals
  • Soon became clear the Lord Salisbury’s Conservative government had no intention of supporting Home Rule - the support switched back to Gladstone
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42
Q

1886 election - Parnell and the IPP held the balance of power (86 seats) who did they side with?

A

Gladstone and the Liberals for the sake of Home Rule

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43
Q

Why did Gladstone introduce Home Rule?

A

Hawarden Kite - people’s expectations

He wrongly believed a revolutionary situation existed in Ireland

Won 1886 election thanks to Parnell’s balance of power - in favour of Home Rule - desire for Political Tranquillity

He felt forced - rushed through it

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44
Q

What year was the First Home Rule Bill introduced?

A

1886

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45
Q

What was the main objection of the first Home Rule Bill?

A

Gladstone did not keep his colleagues informed so made the mistake of removing Irish MPs Parliament - removing Ireland from the main source of power

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46
Q

Who forged the letters to frame Parnell?

A

Piggott

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47
Q

What year were the forged letters against Parnell proved to be fake?

A

1889

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48
Q

What year was Parnell and Kitty O’shea’s affair exposed?

A

1890

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49
Q

Parnell refused to resign in 1880 after his affair with Kitty O’shea was exposed, what did the IPP split into as a result of this?

A

The Irish National League under John Redmond (pro-Parnell)

The Irish National Federation under Jon Dillon (against Parnell)

50
Q

What year does Parnell die?

A

1891

51
Q

What year was Gladstone’s third term in office? (only lasted one year due to failure of first home Rule Bill)

A

1886

52
Q

What years was Gladstone’s final term in office?

A

1892 - 1894

53
Q

What year was the Second Home Rule Bill?

A

1892

54
Q

What years were the three Home Rule Bills

A

1886
1892
1914

55
Q

What year was Constructive Unionism begun and under which Prime Minister?

A

1895 - 1902 = Lord Salisbury’s Conservative government

56
Q

What was Constructive Unionism?

A
  1. Land reforms
  2. Local Govt. (Ireland) Act `898
  3. Recess Committee 1895 - 1896
  4. All Ireland Committee 1897
  5. Wyndham Land Act `903
57
Q

What year was Sinn Fein created and by who?

A

1905 by Arthur Griffith

58
Q

Who created the Ulster Unionists and when? And who quickly replaced them as the new leader?

A

1905, by Colonel Edward Sanderson - replaced by Walter Long in 1906

59
Q

What year did Arthur Balfour and the Conservative Government resign?

A

Dec 1905

60
Q

Who replaced Walter Long as head of the Ulster Unionists in 1906?

A

Edward Carson

61
Q

Who was Edward Carson?

A

Head of the Ulster Unionists from 1906

62
Q

Who ran the Liberal government from 1905 - 1908?

A

Sir Henry Campbell Bannerman

63
Q

Who ran the Liberal government 1908 - 1916?

A

Herbert Asquith

64
Q

Who ran the Liberal Government from 1916 - 1922?

A

David Lloyd George

65
Q

What were the 2 focuses of the Liberal government after the failure of the second Home Rule Bill?

A

Social reform

Preventing obstructions in the House of Lords

66
Q

What 3 reforms did the Liberal government put in place 1907-1909 in an attempt to achieve Social Reform?

A

1907 Irish Council Bill - withdrawn due to criticism

1908 Irish Universities Act - Amalgamating 3 leading Universities to provide better education for Catholics

1909 Land Act - introduced the idea of compulsory purchase

67
Q

What year was the Parliament Act passed?

A

1911

68
Q

When were the discussions of Partition brought to Lloyd George and Winston Churchill?

A

Feb 1912

69
Q

What year was the Third Home Rule Bill and what was the significance of it happening so fast?

A

1912 - showed the significance of the Parliament Act of 1911

70
Q

When was Covenant Day?

A

28th September 1912

71
Q

What year was the UVF set up?

A

1911

72
Q

Who set up the Ulster Unionists?

A

Captain James Craig

73
Q

When was the Dublin Lock Out?

A

Summer 1913

74
Q

What was created as a result of the 1913 Lockout in Dublin?

A

Irish Citizen Army

75
Q

Who led the strikes of the Dublin Lockout?

A

James Larkin

76
Q

What were the nationalist and unionist opinions on partition when it was made public in September 1913?

A

Redmond (Nationalist) - they would accept no form of partition, they wanted a united Ireland

Carson (Unionist) - Publically denounced the idea but in private acknowledged it would be the best for those 6 counties

77
Q

What year was the IVF founded?

A

November1913

78
Q

Compare the numbers of members in the IVF and UVF by 1914

A

IVF - 160,000

UVF - 100,000

79
Q

When was the Curragh Mutiny?

A

March 1914

80
Q

What happened in March 1914

A

The Curragh Mutiny

81
Q

When was the Larne Incident?

A

24th / 25th June 1914

82
Q

When was the Third Home Rule Bill passed through Lords?

A

1914

83
Q

When was the Howth Incident?

A

July 16th 1914

84
Q

How much weaponry did the IVF obtain in the Howth Incident?

A

1500 guns and 25000 rounds of ammunition

85
Q

How many Irish men enlisted to help in WWI?

A

150,000 - 170,000

86
Q

Who was the Secretary of State in WWI?

A

Kitchener

87
Q

What did the UVF become in WWI fighting for Britain?

A

36th Ulster Division

88
Q

Who lead the 10,000 Irish volunteers who refused to fight for Britain?

A

Eoin MacNeill

89
Q

Which of the Irish Volunteers was first to Join the IRB and became part of their Supreme Council and Supreme Military Council?

A

Patrick Pearse

90
Q

What did the IRB take control of and use for propaganda in the form of Cultural Nationalism?

A

Gaelic League, Gaelic Association and Literary movement

  • Used Gaelic League to disguise military drills
91
Q

Who was the Fenian Leader during the later years of the time period? (approx. 1914+)

A

James Connelly

92
Q

Why did James Connelly agree with the IRB to support the Rising?

A

He thought there was enough Fenian, Nationalist and Irish Citizen Army Support - covering Nationalism, socialism and war effort

93
Q

When did the Easter Rising Take Place?

A

Easter Sunday 1916

94
Q

How many Irish Volunteers took part in the Eater Rising?

A

1300

95
Q

What were Pearse and Connelly’s roles during the Easter Rising?

A 
Connelly = military leadership
Pearse = in charge of declaring Irish Republic
96
Q

When did Pearse surrender the Easer Rising?

A

29th April 1916

97
Q

How many died in the Easter Rising?

A

450 - 250 were innocent civilians

98
Q

What happened in Early May 1916?

A

15 of the 90 sentenced to death after the Easter Rising were executed - including Connelly who was shot in his chair - moral credence

The other 75’s sentences were commuted to imprisonment - including Eamon de Valera

99
Q

What did Sinn Fein campaign against successfully in May 1918?

A

The conscription Act of 1916

100
Q

What year did Sinn Fein win the election by an overwhelming majority thanks to the ‘Representation of the People Act’ of 1918, giving people the right to vote?

A

1818

Sinn Fein could not legitimately claim to represent the will of the People of Ireland

101
Q

When was the Dail Eireann created and by who?

A

21st Jan 1919 - a provisional government under Eamon de Valera

102
Q

When did the IRA become the IRB and under who?

A

1919, Michael Collins

103
Q

When was the trigger of the Anglo Irish War of two police officers killed by the IRA in an attempt to obtain explosives?

A

End of Jan 1919

104
Q

What happened of the 31st of Jan 1919?

A

IRA DECLARES WAR ON BRITAIN

105
Q

When does Lloyd George finally acknowledge the existence of the Anglo-Irish War?

A

1920

106
Q

When was the Government of Ireland Act Passed?

A

End of 1920

107
Q

When did Sinn Fein finally take responsibility for the actions of the IRA?

A

April 1921

108
Q

When does the government of Ireland Act (passed at the end of 1920) come into effect?

A

May 1921

109
Q

Who became Prime Minister of the 6 Ulster Counties under the Government of Ireland Act?

A

Sir James Craig

110
Q

When was the Truce agreed for the Anglo Irish War and who agreed it?

A

11th October 1921 - de Valera and Lloyd George

111
Q

When was the Anglo Irish treaty signed?

A

5th December

112
Q

What did Lloyd George do to rush the signing of the Anglo Irish Treaty?

A

Threats of an imminent war in 3 days

113
Q

Who became in charge of the new government set up as a result of the Anglo-Irish Treaty?

A

Michael Collins

  • De Valera and the ‘anti-treaty faction’ remained against the verdict
114
Q

When did the irregulars seize the Four Courts?

A

April 1922

115
Q

When was Collins killed and how?

A

August 1922, as a result of the Guerrilla conflict from the violence that began in the Four Courts

116
Q

After Arthur Griffith’s death in 1922, who took over from him as head of the Irish Government?

A

William Costgrove

117
Q

When did Northern Ireland opt out of the Irish Free State?

A

1922

118
Q

Who wrote the constitution that pleased the Dail and the British during the Civil War?

A

William Costgrove - head of the new Irish Government

119
Q

Who was Liam Lynch?

A

Leader of the irregulars

120
Q

Who’s death signalled the end of the Civil War?

A

Liam Lynch

121
Q

How many people are said to have died during the Irish conflict?

A

Up to 5,000

Irish History (1 decks)

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