key dates Flashcards
What happened in August 1918?
The Allies counter-attacked and regained all the territory that had been lost in the previous 3 months.
By September 1918, what was clear to german leaders?
That the war would soon be lost and that Germany must make peace.
When was the Armistice(ceasefire) between Germany and the Allies signed?
11 November 1918
When did the Spartacists attempt their uprising?
January 1919
When did the kaiser abdicate?
November 9, 1918
When was the first election of the Weimar Republic held?
January 19, 1919
What happened in the Ruhr in 1920?
Communists protested against the government.
When was the Kapp Putsch?
March 1920
When was the Treaty of Versailles signed?
June 28, 1919
When did Germany become a nation?
1871
How much did Germany pay for war reparation in 1921?
£50 million
How much did Germany pay for war reparation in 1922?
Nothing
When was the Ruhr Invasion?
January 1923
How much did a loaf of bread cost by November 1923?
201 billion marks
When was hyperinflation at its height(its worst)?
November 1923
When did Gustav Stresemann become a chancellor?
August 1923
Why was 1923 a ‘year of crisis’ for the Weimar Republic?
It began with the invasion of the Ruhr in January, which led passive resistance and, ultimately, hyperinflation. This was seized on by Adolf Hitler, who tried to overthrow the government.
When was the Munich Putsch?
8-9 November 1923
what did Stresemann agree to begin repaying in 1923?
Reparations
What did Stresemann negotiate with the USA in 1924?
The Dawes Plan
What evidence was there of an economic recovery during 1923-1929 under Stresemann?
By 1928, Germany’ production was back to pre-war levels
By 1928, it was the world’s 2nd industrial power (after USA)
Wages for industrial workers had increased
In 1925, Germany produced twice as much steel as Britain
What did Stresemann say in 1929?
“The German economy is doing well only on the surface. Germany is in fact dancing on a volcano. If the short-term loans are called in by America most of our economy will collapse.”
When did Stresemann die?
In 1929- a few weeks before the Wall Street Crash
What job did Stresemann have for most of the period 1923-29?
Foreign Minister
How was Germany regarded by other countries in 1923?
With distrust and suspicion. Many Europeans believed Germany would try and take back the land it lost in the Treaty of Versailles.
When was the Locarno Pact signed?
1925
When did Germany join the League of Nations?
1926
What did Stresemann receive in 1926?
The Nobel Peace Prize
When was the Kellogg-Briand Pact signed?
1928
Generally, during 1923-29 under Stresemann, did foreign relations improve?
Yes. In 1923, Germany was treated with distrust by other European countries. By 1929, it was being treated as an equal.
When was the Young Plan signed?
1929
The Kaiser ruled Germany from
June 15, 1888 - November 9, 1918
Who was one of the most celebrated German DIRECTORS of the 1920s?
Fritz Lang
How many dance clubs were there in Berlin in 1927?
900
How many dance clubs were there in Berlin in 1927?
900
When was the German Workers’ Party(DAP) formed?
January 1919
When did Hitler join the German Workers’ Party(DAP)?
1919
When was the 25-Point Programme announced by the German Workers’ Party(DAP)?
1920-at this time round, the DAP was becoming the NSDAP
When did Hitler takeover as leader of the German Workers’ Party(DAP)?
1921-just 2 years after joining
When was the SA established?
1921
By 1923, how significant were the Nazi Party?
Hitler had given them a high profile-particularly in Barvaria-but they were still very much a minority party.
When did the DAP become the NSDAP(National Socialist German Workers’ Party)?
April 1920
The Nazis fought their first election in _______ and gained 32 seats.
May 1924
How many seats did the Nazis win in 1928?
12 seats
How many seats did the Nazis win in July 1932?
230 seats
How many seats did the Nazis win in November 1932?
196 seats
After the Nazis won 32 seats in May 1924 elections, what did Hitler establish?
Local networks of Nazis such as The Hitler Youth and the Nazi Students’ League.
What happened to the Nazis’ vote share at the end of 1932?
began to decline(from 230 to 196 seats)
Between 1924-28, the Nazis were appealing to workers, but in 1928 their poor election showing convinced them they needed to look elsewhere. Which groups did they target?
peasant farmers in northern Germany
middle-class shopkeepers
small business people in rural towns
What did Hitler enlarge in 1925?
The SA(Brownshirts)
When did Hitler enlarge the SA?
1925
What did Hitler also establish in 1925?
The SS-Hitler’s elite, personal bodyguard who were fanatically loyal to Hitler
How many members did the Nazis have by 1928?
100,000
What state was the Nazi Party in by 1929?
Although they had relatively little support, they were highly organised around a charismatic and emotive speaker - Hitler.
They were well-positioned to seize the opportunity presented to them by the Wall St. Crash and Great Depression
“Nazism appears to be a dying cause… One scarcely hears of Hitler except as the butt of jokes.” -William Shirer, American journalist said in
1928
