Key Concepts / Theories

Question 1

What does ‘Chic’ mean?

Answer 1

Elegant and stylish fashion

Question 2

What is ‘Culture Shock’?

Answer 2

Where the customs and traditions of a new country are not what the tourist/visitor is used to

Question 3

What is ‘Time-Thickening’?

Answer 3

Individuals associate emotions and memories with certain locations which then will create bias about the location from the experiences (space becoming a place) - Deixis is a good reflection

Question 4

What is ‘Othering’?

Answer 4

Refers to the process whereby an individual or groups of people attribute negative characteristics to other individuals or groups of people that set them apart as representing that which is opposite to them

Question 5

What is ‘Schema’?

Answer 5

The collection of knowledge a person has about a person, place, thing, event or concept

Question 6

What is the ‘Positive Face’?

Answer 6

Positive Face is the desire to be liked, appreciated and approved

Question 7

What is the ‘Negative Face’?

Answer 7

Negative Face is the desire not to be imposed upon, intruded or otherwise put upon

Question 8

What is an ‘Expatriate’?

Answer 8

An individual living and/or working in a country other than their country of citizenship, often temporarily and for work reasons

Question 9

Define ‘Esoteric’.

Answer 9

Something that is likely to be understood by a small number of people

Question 10

What is ‘Paris Syndrome’?

Answer 10

Paris being underwhelming

Question 11

What is ‘tellability’?

Answer 11

Tellaility is the quality for which a story is told, or we may examine tellability as the reason narrative is told

Question 12

What are Labov’s narrative categories? (Tellability)

Answer 12

• Abstract: The speaker wants the listener’s attention and is signalling the start of a narrative
• Orientation: Sets the scene - who, where, what, why, when
• Complication Action: The main body of the narrative
• Resolution: The ending that concludes with closure
• Coda: A signal the narrative has ended

Question 13

What is ‘Semantic Density’?

Answer 13

It is how meaning is constructed within texts with poems being more semantically dense than a transcript

Question 14

What does ‘Literariness’ mean?

Answer 14

Literariness is a spectrum comparing the frequency of language levels and semantic density

A text with high literariness would be a novel or another semantically dense work whilst a text with low literariness would be a map or a street sign

Question 15

What is ‘Retrospective’ storytelling?

Answer 15

Where the story is told after the events have taken place

Question 16

What is ‘Exophoric’ storytelling?

Answer 16

Where a story is recounted in a different location from where the actual events took place

Question 17

What is ‘Endophoric’ storytelling?

Answer 17

Where a story is recounted in the same location from where the actual events took place

Question 18

What are Grice’s Maxims?

Answer 18

Quality - How truthful the speaker is

Quantity - The amount spoken before another participant speaks

Relevance/Relation - How relevant the information or topic is to the conversation

Mannar - How ambiguous the dialogue is

Question 19

What is an ‘Illocutionary act’?

Answer 19

(pragmatics) - attempting to accomplish some communicative purpose eg command, warning, promise

Question 20

What is ‘Ad absurdum’?

Answer 20

Following an absurd solution to completion

Question 21

What is ‘Universal application’?

Answer 21

Something which is emblematic (symbolic or representative) of multiple things

Question 22

What is a ‘Trope’?

Answer 22

A certain technique or phrase used by many writers

Question 23

What is the ‘Poetic voice’?

Answer 23

The quality and unique voice of a speaker in a poem

Question 24

What is ‘Rebus’?

Answer 24

A rebus is a code or reference where pictures, letters or symbols represent certain words or phrases

Question 25

What is the difference between a ‘Narrative hook’ and ‘Media res’?

Answer 25

A ‘Narrative Hook’ starts a story or poem with tension to draw the reader in but generally not through immediate action

‘Media res’ begins the story or poem in the middle of action

Question 26

What is ‘Macabre imagery’?

Answer 26

Death imagery

Question 27

What does ‘Agency’ refer to?

Answer 27

The amount of control and power a character has

Question 28

Define ‘Dichotomy’?

Answer 28

Two contrasting ideas being taken as the only options

Question 29

What is the difference between ‘Heterodiegetic’ and ‘Homodiegetic’ narrators?

Answer 29

Heterodiegetic narrator - The story is told by a character that does not appear in the story

Homodiegetic narrator - The story is told by a narrator who is present as a character in the story

Question 30

What the difference between a ‘Intradiegetic’ and ‘Extradiegetic’ narrator?

Answer 30

An intradiegetic narrator is one that is inside (intra) the narrative (diegetic). This narrator may be represented by a character, telling their story from the first-person perspective (for example, Moira in THT). You may even have a narrator (as seen in the Great Gatsby) who tells the story of someone else.

An extradiegetic narrator exists outside (extra) the diegesis (events described by the story) which will usually refer to a heterodiegetic omniscient narrator.