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Biology > Key Concepts In Biology > Flashcards

Key Concepts In Biology Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What determines how good a microscope is at showing small detail?

A

Magnification

Resolution

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2
Q

What’s the equation to get magnification

A

Eye piece lens x objective lens
Size of image/actual size of object

                     Image ———-————————————- Magnification x actual size of object
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3
Q

What is magnification

A

The size of an image compared to its actual size

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4
Q

What is 1mm in Nm

A

1000Nm

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5
Q

What is resolution?

A

The smallest distance between two points that can still be seen as two points.

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6
Q

What is a light microscope

A

Can magnify up to x1500

Resolutions down to 0.0001mm

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7
Q

What are Electron microscopes?

A

Magnify up to x2,000,000
Resolutions down to 0.0000002mm
Allows us to see cells with great detail and clarity

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8
Q

Properties of a light microscope

A

Works with mirror or electric light
Can magnify up to 2000 times
Mitochondria is the smallest part that can be seen

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9
Q

Properties of an electron microscope

A

Magnify up to 2 million times
Works with electrons that give you an image
Resolutions enables you to see in more detail than a light microscope
Ribosome is smallest you can see
Resolution and magnification is much better than light microscope

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10
Q

What does m stand for

A

Metre

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11
Q

What does mom stand for

A

Millimetre

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12
Q

What does um stand for

A

Micrometer

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13
Q

What does Nm stand for

A

Nanometre

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14
Q

What does pm stand for

A

Picometre

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15
Q

What are the functions of cell membrane

A

Controls what enters and leaves and separates one cell from another. Like a very thin bag

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16
Q

What are the functions of a necleus

A

Controls the cell and its activities. Inside it are chromosomes which contain dna. Large amount in white blood cells

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17
Q

What is the function of cytoplasm

A

Contains a watery jelly and it’s where most of the cells activities occur. Where chemical reactions take place e.g. respiration.

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18
Q

What’s the function of mitochondria.

A

Like a jelly bean structure which aerobic respiration occurs. Difficult to see with a light microscope

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19
Q

What is the functions of ribosomes

A

Tiny round structure in a cytoplasm. Make new proteins for a cell. Impossible to see them with a light microscope

20
Q

What is in a plant cell that isn’t in an animal cell

A

Cell wall, chloroplasts and large permanent vacuole.

21
Q

What is in both animal and plant cells

A

Mitrochondria, cell membrane, ribosomes, necleus, cytoplasm

22
Q

What’s the function of a cell wall

A

Made of cellulose and supports and protects the cell.

23
Q

What’s the function of chloroplasts

A

Contain chlorophyll, taps energy transferred from the sun. Energy is used for photosynthesis

24
Q

What’s the function of the large permanent vacuole

A

Stores cell sap and helps to keep the cell firm and rigid

25
Q

What are the main parts of the microvilli in the small intestine

A

Diploid necleus, enzymes, microvilli, linger like extensions of the cell surface membrane, lines the small intestine

26
Q

What are the adaptations of a human female egg cell

A

Haploid nucleus, jelly layer hardens after the sperm cell necleus and egg cell nucleus fuse, jelly layer surrounding the cell membrane, cell membrane hardens after fertilisation, large store of nutrients in the cytoplasm

27
Q

What are the adaptations of a human male gamete-sperm

A

Haploid nucleus, acrosome containing enzymes, long tail and many mitrochondria

28
Q

What are the adaptations of the oviduct lining cells with cilia

A

Diploid nucleus, fine hair like extensions to the cell cell membraine(cilia) , lines oviduct.

29
Q

Define eyepiece lens

A

The part of the microscope you look down

30
Q

Define magnification

A

How much bigger something appears compared with its actual size

31
Q

Define objective lens

A

The part of the microscope that is closest to the specimen.

32
Q

Define stAin

A

A dye used to colour parts of a cell to make them easier to see

33
Q

Define aerobic respiration

A

A type of respiration in which oxygen is used to release energy from substances such as glucose

34
Q

Define cell surface membrane

A

The membrane that controls what leaves and enters the cell. It is often called the cell surface membrane because eukaryotic cells contain other structures with membranes

35
Q

Define cell sap

A

Liquid found in the permanent vacuole of the plant cell

36
Q

Define cell wall

A

The tough layer of material around some cells, which is used for protection and support. It is stiff and made of cellulose in plant cells. Bacteria have a flexible cell wall

37
Q

Define chlorophyll

A

The green substance found inside chloroplasts. It traps energy transferred by light.

38
Q

Define chloroplasts

A

A green disc containing chlorophyll found in plant cells p. Where the plant makes glucose using photosynthesis

39
Q

Define chromosome

A

A structure found in the nuclei of cells. Each chromosome contains one enormously long dna molecule

40
Q

Define dna

A

A substance that contains genetic information. Short for deoxyribonucleic acid.

41
Q

Define eukaryotic

A

A cell with a nucleus is eukaryotic. Organisms that have cells like this are also said to be eukaryotic

42
Q

Define field of view

A

The circle of light you see looking down a microscope

43
Q

Define mitrochondrion

A

A sub cellular structure in the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells, where aerobic respiration occurs. Plural is mitrochondria.

44
Q

Define nucleus

A

The control centre of a eukaryotic cell

45
Q

Define scale bar

A

A line drawn on a magnified image that shows a citation distance at that magnification

46
Q

Define vacuole

A

A storage space in cells. Plant cells have a larger permanent vacuole that helps to keep them rigid

Biology (1 decks)

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