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OCTOBER/NOVEMBER MOCKS - BIOLOGY > Key Concepts in Biology > Flashcards

Key Concepts in Biology Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What type of cell is an Animal Cell?

A

Eukaryotic

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2
Q

What type of cell is a Plant Cell?

A

Eukaryotic

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3
Q

Which sub-cellular structures are in Animal Cells?

A

Nucleus, Cell Membrane, Cell Wall, Chloroplasts, Mitochondria and Ribosomes

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4
Q

Which sub-cellular structures are in Plant Cells?

A

Nucleus, Cell Membrane, Cell Wall, Chloroplasts, Mitochondria, Vacuole and Ribosomes

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5
Q

What is the function of the Nucleus?

A

Stores the cell’s DNA

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6
Q

What is the function of the Cell Membrane?

A

Controls what enters and leaves the cell

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7
Q

What does the Cell Wall do?

A

Provides structure and limits the risks of Osmosis

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8
Q

What does the Chloroplast do?

A

Site of Photosynthesis

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9
Q

What is the function of the Mitochondria?

A

Aerobic Respiration

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10
Q

What is the function of the Vacuole?

A

Storage of Substances

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11
Q

What do Ribosomes do?

A

Protein Synthesis

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12
Q

What type of cell is Bacteria?

A

Prokaryotic

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13
Q

How are Sperm Cells adapted to their function?

A

Acrosome, Haploid Nucleus, Mitochondria and Tail

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14
Q

How are Egg Cells adapted to their function?

A

Nutrients in the Cytoplasm, Haploid Nucleus and changes in the Cell Membrane after fertilisation

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15
Q

What is the function of an Acrosome?

A

Helps the sperm penetrate the egg’s coat

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16
Q

Why does the Cell Membrane of an Egg Cell change after fertilisation?

A

So no more sperm can enter the egg cell

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17
Q

What are Ciliated Epithelium cells?

A

Ciliated Epithelium is a thin tissue that helps move particles out of the body

18
Q

How have improved technology in Microscopes increased our understanding of Sub-Cellular structures?

A

Improved magnification has allowed us to see Sub-Cellular structures in more detail and closer.

19
Q

Which is more powerful, an Electron microscope or a Light Microscope?

A

Electron

20
Q

Which measurement would this be - 10^-3?

A

Milli

21
Q

Which measurement would this be - 10^-6?

A

Micro

22
Q

Which measurement would this be - 10^-9?

A

Nano

23
Q

Which measurement would this be - 10^-12?

A

Pico

24
Q

What is the Active Site in Enzymes?

A

The part where the substrate binds and where the catalytic action happens

25
Q

What are 3 Factors Affecting Enzyme Activity?

A

Temperature, pH and Concentration

26
Q

What is a denatured Enzyme?

A

An Enzyme that has lost its structure, can no longer function and has lost any catalytic advantage

27
Q

How does Temperature affect Enzyme Activity?

A

Every enzyme and active site has an optimum temperature at which it’s reactions are at its fastest. For humans that temperature at 37 degrees C

28
Q

How does pH affect Enzyme Activity?

A

Enzyme activity is at its maximum value at the optimum pH. If the pH increases above this or decreases below this, the enzyme activity decreases and the enzymes become denatured.

29
Q

How does Concentration affect enzyme activity?

A

If there are more enzymes, more enzyme-substrate complexes form. This increases activity until a certain point. Eventually there are not enough substrate molecules to react with enzymes.

30
Q

How do you calculate the rate of Enzyme Activity?

A

Rate = Change/Time

31
Q

What are Enzymes made of?

A

Large proteins (amino acids)

32
Q

What is the Lock and Key model?

A

The substrate needs to bind perfectly with the the active site, like a key needs to fit perfectly with the door.

33
Q

What is the Induced Fit model?

A

The active site can change slightly to fit the substrate

34
Q

Which model is more realistic?

A

Induced Fit Model

35
Q

What is the Benedict’s test for?

A

Sugars

36
Q

What is the Iodine test for?

A

Starch

37
Q

What is the Biuret test for?

A

Proteins

38
Q

What is the Emulsion test for?

A

Lipids

39
Q

How does the Benedict’s test work?

A
  • It tests for reducing sugars
  • Transfer 5cm^3 of a food sample to a test tube
  • Get a water bath and heat it to 75 degrees C
  • Add 10 drops of the Benedict’s solution to the test tube
  • Place the test tube in the water bath for 5 minutes
  • If no reducing sugars are present, the solution will stay blue
  • If reducing sugars are present, the solution will go Green, Yellow or Red
40
Q

How does the Iodine test work?

A
  • Put 5cm^3 of a food sample in a test tube
  • Add a few drops of Iodine solution
  • This will turn the solution a brown-orange colour
  • Shake the test tube gently and if there is starch present, the solution will go blue-black
41
Q

How does the Biuret test work?

A
  • Add 2cm^3 of a food sample to a test tube
  • Add another 2cm^3 of Biuret’s solution (Potassium Hydroxide and Copper Sulphate) to the test tube
  • This will turn the solution blue
  • Shake the test tube gently
  • If there are proteins present, the solution will turn pink-purple
42
Q

How does the Emulsion test work?

A
  • Put your food sample into a test tube
  • Add 2cm^3 of Ethanol
  • Shake the test tube vigorously
  • Add 2cm^3 of Distilled Water
  • If it goes a cloudy-white colour, lipids are present

OCTOBER/NOVEMBER MOCKS - BIOLOGY (1 decks)

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