Key Concepts In Biology ( 1 ) Flashcards
What are eukaryotic cells + eg
Have a nucleus
Plant and animal cells
What are prokaryotic cells + eg
No nucleus
Bacteria
Nucleus
Contains genetic material arranged into chromosomes
Cytoplasm
Contains enzymes
Where chemical reactions take place
Cell membrane
Semi permeable membrane controls what enters and exits
Mitochondria
Respiration takes place
Ribosomes
Synthesise proteins
Cell wall
Made of cellulose strength
Vacuole
Maintains internal pressure
Chloroplasts
Where photosynthesis occurs
Contain chlorophyll
Flagellum
Move bacteria away from harmful toxins and towards oxygen
What are the 3 specialised cells
Egg
Sperm
Ciliated epitherelia cells
Explain how specialised cells are used for reproduction
Egg cell fuses with sperm cell to create fertilised egg which develops into embryo
Both of these are haploid to create a diploid cell
Egg cell functions
Carry female dna and nourish developing embryo
Functions of sperm cell
Transport males dna to female egg
Long tail to swim to egg
Cilliated epithelia cells
Line the surface of organs
Move substances along a direction by cilia
Total magnification equation
Eyepiece lens x objective lens
What are enzymes used for
Biological catalyst
Explain enzymes active site
For an enzyme to work the substrate must fit in active site
This is called ‘ lock and key ‘
What happens to enzyme if it’s too hot
Denatures due to optimum temperature
What does the core practical on investigating effect on ph enzyme do
Enzyme analyse cataylises breakdown of starch using iodine . If startch is present it will go black.
Rate of reaction
1000 | time
What are the 3 big molecules
Proteins , lipids , carbohydrates
Why are molecules digested
Allow them to be absorbed into the blood stream so they can pass into cells of body
What do enzymes convert carbohydrates into
Simple sugars
Analyse —> starch
What do protease convert proteins into
Amino acids
What do lipases convert lipids into
Fatty acids
What is used to store energy in animals
Glycogen
What’s diffusion
Movement of partials from area of high to low concentration
What’s osmosis
Movement of water to high to low concentration
What’s the osmosis experiment
Prepare sucrose solution from pure to concentrated
Use potato skins and place in each
Record mass after 40 mins
Calculate percentage change
What’s percentage change
Final mass - initial mass
Initial mass X 100
